8:1 LAP: HYGIENE
Terms
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- Alopecia
- The loss of scalp hair (baldness) or body hair.
- Apocrine glands-
- Sweat glands located largely in the axillae and anogenital areas; they begin to function at puberty under the influence of “androgensâ€.
- Callus-
- A thickened portion of the skin.
- Cerumen
- The wax-like substance secreted by glands in the external ear canal.
- Dental Caries
- Tooth decay.
- Dentures
- Artificial teeth. Dentures can come in the form of a plate (a complete set of teeth for one jaw), or they may come in the form of a bridge (only a few artificial teeth).
- Dermis
- Connective tissue underlying the epitheliium of the skin.
- Eccrine glands
- Glands that produce sweat. They are the most numerous sweat gland found over most of the body. The sweat that they produce cools the body through evaporation.
- Gingivitis
- Periodontal disease. Red, swollen gingiva (gums), tissues that surround teeth
- Glossitis
- Inflammation of the tongue, can be caused by lack of B12
- Halitosis
- Bad breath, strong mouth odor or persistent bad taste in mouth
- Hygiene
- The science of health and its maintenance.
- Pediculosis
- (Lice) Lice are parasitic insects that infest mammals. Infestation with lice is called pediculosis.
- Plaque
- An invisible soft film that adheres to the enamel surface of teeth.
- Pruritus
- An unpleasant cutaneous sensation that provokes the desire to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.
- Tinea pedis
- (aka. Athletes foot) Usually caused by a fungus. Sometimes called “ringworm of the footâ€.
- Factors affecting personal hygiene
- Culture, Religion, Environment (homeless), Developmental Level, Health and Energy, Personal Preferences ( may need dr order for shower)
- Functions of the skin condition and personal hygeine
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1. Protection of tissue from injury (stops microorganisms
2. Regulates body temp
3. Secretes Sebum (oil) lubricates
4. transmits sensation thru nerve receptors (pain, touch, temp, pressure)
5. Produces/stores Vitamin D
UV rays activate Vit D - What does the skin secretion, sebum, do?
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Softens, lubricates hair (won't become brittle
Decreases water loss from skin during low humidity
Lessons the amount of heat loss from skin
Bacterial killling action - Describe the three functional levels of care.
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0-completely independant
+1 requires use of equipment or device but manages care without another person
+2 semi independent requires another person for assist.
+3 Moderately dependent person plus equipment
++4 totally dependent, total care - Identify NANDA’s four self-care deficit diagnoses.
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⬢ Bathing/Hygiene
⬢ Dressing/Grooming
⬢ Toileting
⬢ Feeding - Assessing skin and hygiene practices.
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- A nursing health history to determine the client’s skin care, practices, self-care abilities, and past or current skin problems
B. Physical assessment of the skin.
C. Identification of clients at risk for developing skin impairments.( diabetes immobility) - Discuss the following skin problem and related nursing implications: abrasions
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Superficial layers of skin scraped/rubbed away, with reddening, localized bleeding, serious weeping.
Implications: infection-should be kept clean/dry; Don't wear jewelry to prevent further damage; Lift, do not pull client across bed - Discuss the following skin problem and related nursing implications: excessive dryness
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Skin appears flaky and rough.
Nursing Implications: Bath less frequently, no or non irritating soap; rinse thoroughly; encourage increased fluid intake, dry well encourage PO's - Discuss the following skin problem and related nursing implications: ammonia dermatitis
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diaper rash, caused by bacteria reacting with urea in urine; skin becomes red and sore.
Implications: dry clean skin... apply preventive ointment containing zinc oxide to buttocks and perineum - Discuss the following skin problem and related nursing implications ACNE
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Inflammatory condition with papules and pustules
Implication: keep skin clean, other treatments vary widely. - Discuss the following skin problem and related nursing implications: erythema.
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Redness associated with a variety of conditions: rashes, exposure to sun, elevated body temp.
Implications: wash carefully to remove microorganisms; apply antiseptic to prevent itching, promote healing, and prevent skin breakdown -
Identify factors considered when planning personal hygiene for a client.
Planning to assist a client with personal hygiene includes: -
• Consideration of the client’s personal preferences, health, and limitations
• The best time to give the care.
• The equipment facilities and personnel available. - Discuss general guidelines for implementing skin care.
- 1. An intact, healthy skin is the body’s first line of defense. 2.Skin protection is based upon healthy cells 3. Moisture on skin increases bacteria 4. BO caused by resident skin bacteria + body secretions 5. Skin sensitivity varies among individuals and with health 6. Skin care agents have selective purposes.
- Discuss the nursing activities associated with the following: complete bed bath
- Nurse washes whole body of a dependent client in bed
- Discuss the nursing activities associated with the following: self-help bed bath
- Clients confined to bed are able to self-bath with assistance for necessary areas
- Discuss the nursing activities associated with the following: partial bath
- Certain body parts that are infected or odor, may be done at sink
- Discuss the nursing activities associated with the following: tub bath
- Bathed in tub
- Discuss the nursing activities associated with the following: shower.
- many ambulatory clients are able to use showers with minimum assistance. Long term care center often have showers
- Physical Assessment of the Skin:
- document when assessing, cleanliness, color, texture, tep., lesions, describe exactly what is observed and palpated, head to toe,good source of light,compare bi-lateral parts,
- Lessions
- document type, color, size, distribution or grouping, location and consistency,
- Physical Assessment Skin
- Identify any variables known to cause skin problems- deficient self care abilities, immobility, malnutrition, decreased hydration,decreased sensation, sun exposure, vascular problems, presence of irretants
- Physical Assessment of Oral Cavity
- any unusual odors, mastication ( chewing), and swallowing, Examine Lips color, moisture, lumps, ulcers, lesions, and edema
- Physical Assessment of Oral Cavity cont...
- movement of the uvula and conditions of the tonsils, Tongue, color, symmetry, movement, texture, lesions, teeth- decay, caries
- Periodontitis or periodontal disease
- is a marked inflammation of the gums also involves degeneration of the dental tissues (periosteum)
- Somatitis
- inflammation of the oral mucosa (virus, bacteria, trauma) heat pain increased flow of saliva, hallotosis
- Cheilosis
- ulceration of the lip, lack of vitamin B , cracks in edges of lips
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Physical Assessment
Eyes, Ears, Nose - position, alignment, appearance, eye lashes, presence of cerumen ( redness, edema, crusting, tearing,bleeding,secretion, tenderness
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Physical Assessment
Hair - texture,cleanliness,oilness,lesions, inflammations, infection Ex. dandruff, loss of hair or none, lice(pediculous), ticks Ex. Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain fever
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Physical Assessment
Nails and Feet - capillary refill, contour of nail bed, intactness of skin, swelling inflammation, lesions, tenderness, orthopedic problems
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Physical Assessment
Perineal and Vagina -
males for lesions, swelling, inflammation,excoriation, tenderness, and d/c
woman -color, size, masses almost the same -
Physical Assessment
Anal area - cracks, nodules, distended veins, masses or polyps. Note odors
- Nursing Diagnosis
- a careful assessment of the skin, mucous, membranes, and other body, areas may lead, to the identification numerous pt problems that can be classified as a nursing diagnosis
- Early morning Care
- upon wakening providea bedpan/urinal, wash face and hands give oral care oral
- Morning Care
- usually after breakfast Bath, shower, elimination perineal care, back massage, oral mail and hair care, make bed
- Afternoon Care
- elimination, wash hands and face
- Hour of Sleep
- HS care-provided prior to retiring for the night, provides bedpan/urinal, wash hands and face, oral care and back massage
- PRN
- As needed rquired by the pt
- Histutism
- excessive hair on a person's body or face, particulary in woman Implications: shaving, tweezing,electrolysis, Enhance self concept
- Back Massage
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1. To relieve muscle tension ,2. promote physical and mental relaxation3. relieves insomnia
Can do assessment then planning
prone or side lying