IV SOLUTIONS 2
Terms
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- D5W (5% Dex in Water)
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No Electrolytes. Supplies FREE WATER to AID in RENAL EXCRETION OF SOLUTES
Do not give to pt c increased ADH Activity or to replace fluids in hypovolemic pts - 0.9% NaCl
- ISOTONIC fluid commonly used to expand the ECF in presence of hypovolemia. Can be used to treat mild Metabolic Alkalosis coz of the High Cl- content
- 0.45% NaCl (1/2 strength saline)
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HYPOTONIC SOLUTION
Provides Na, Cl & Free Water (Na & Cl provided in fluid flow allw kidneys to select & retain needed amts)
Free water desirable as aid to kidneys in elimination of solutes - 0.33% NaCl (1/3 strength saline)
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HYPOTONIC SOLUTION
Has Na, Cl & Free Water
Often used to treat HYPERNATREMIA(coz solution contains small amt of Na, it dilutes the plasma Na while not allowing it to drop too rapidly... - 3% NaCl
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HYPERTONIC
Used ONLY to treat SEVERE HYPONATREMIA - LACTATED RINGERS
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ISOTONIC
Has multiple electrolytes in same concentrations found in plasma (Na, K, Ca, Cl, Lactate/metabolized to Bicarb, No Mg & PO4)
TREAT HYPOVOLEMIA, BURNS, FLUID LOST as BILE or DIARRHEA, MILD ACIDOSIS - Sodium Lactate Solution, 1/6M
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ISOTONIC
Na = 167
Cl=167
TREAT SEVERE METABOLIC ACIDOSIS (Lactate is metabolized to bicarb in 1-2hrs by liver)..
Not used in pt c Liver Disease(lactate cannot be converted to bicarb in such individuals)
Not used in pts c O2 lack(unable to convert lactate to bicarb) - Sodium Bicarbonate, 5%
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VERY HYPERTONIC SOLUTION
TREAT SEVERE METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
Admin at slow rate c extreme caution to salt retaining pts(cardiac, renal/liver dmg) - AMMONIUM CHLORIDE, 2.14%
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ACID
Acidifying solution to treat SEVER MET ALKALOSIS
Admin cautiously to pt c compromised hepatic fx coz of high ammonium content - D10W (10% Dex in Water)
- HYPERTONIC SOLUTION
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5% Dex in 0.9% Saline
D59 - HYPERTONIC
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5% Dex in .45% Saline
D545 - HYPERTONIC
- 5% Dex in Ringers Lactate
- HYPERTONIC
- Dextrose
- Glucose