Motion Midterm Review
Terms
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- Sliding friction
- occurs when two solid surfaces slide over each other.
- Work
- force exerted on an object that causes it to move
- Pressure
- refers to a force exerted over an area on the surface of an object.
- Acceleration
- Final Speed-Initial Speed/Time
- Screws
- is an inclined plain without a cylinder
- Projectile
- is an object that is thrown
- Efficiency
- - the percentage of the input work that is converted to output work.
- Archimedes' Principle
- states that the buoyant force acting on a submerged object is equal to weight of the fluid the object displaces.
- Buoyancy
- the ability or tendency to float
- Inclined Plane
- is a flat, sloped surface.
- Second Newton Law
- acceleration depends on the object's mass and on the net force acting on the object.
- Momentum
- is a characteristic of a moving object that is related to the mass and velocity of the object.
- First Newton Law
- States that an object at rest will remain at rest, and an object moving at a constant velocity will continue moving at a constant velocity, unless it is acted upon by a unbalanced force.
- hydraulic system
- system uses liquids to transmit pressure in a confined fluid. A hydraulic system multiplies force by applying the force to a small surface area. The increase in pressure is then transmitted to another part of the confined fluid, which pushes on a larger surface area.
- Rockets and Satellites
- i. A satellite is any object that orbits another object in space
- Air Resistance (fluid friction)
- is an upward force excerpted on falling objects
- Net Force
- the combination of all forces acting on an object.
- Mass
- the more mass an object has the more gravitational force, because the sun's mass is so great it excerpts a large gravitational force on the planets
- Power
- is the rate at which work is done.
- Efficiency=
- (output work/input work) * 100
- Distance
- the farther apart two objects are the lesser the gravitational force between them.
- Rolling Friction
- when an object rolls across a surface
- Slow Motion of Planet Earth
- Earths plates move because of the hot liquid bubbling under the plates and cause them to shift with all the pressure
- Pascal's Principle
- uses liquids to transmit pressure in a confined fluid. A hydraulic system multiplies force by applying the force to a small surface area. The increase in pressure is then transmitted to another part of the confined fluid, which pushes on a larger surface area.
- Action-Reaction Forces
- whenever one object exerts a force on another, the second object exerts a force back.
- Friction
- is the force that two surfaces exert on each other.
- Third Newton Law
- States that if one object exerts a force on another object then the second object exerts a force of equal strength in the opposite direction of the first object. "For every action there is a equal but opposite reaction".
- Force
- a push or a pull.
- Balanced Forces
- are equal forces acting on an object in opposite directions.
- Pressure=
- Force/Area
- Pulley
- simple machine made of a grooved wheel with a rope or cable wrapped around it.
- Density=
- Mass/Volume.
- Momentum=
- Mass * Velocity
- Static friction
- friction that acts on objects that are not moving.
- Atomizer
- when you squeeze the rubber bulb, air moves quickly past the top of the tube. The greater pressure in the flask pushes the liquid up into the tube.
- Fluid Pressure
- is all of the forces exerted by the individual particles in a fluid.
- Unbalanced Forces
- is whenever a net force is acting on an object
- Velocity
- when you know both the speed and direction of an objects motion you know the velocity.
- Compound Machine
- machine made up of 2 or more simple machines
- Work=
- force*distance
- Wheel and Axle
- A screwdriver.
- Wedge
- device that is thick at one end and tapers to a thin edge at the other end.
- Levers
- fixed rigid bar that is free to pivot or rotate on a fixed point (fulcrum)
- Bernoulli's Principle
- explains how planes fly. It also helps explain why smoke rises up a chimney, how an atomizer works, and how a flying disk glides through the air.
- Calculating Speed
- Speed= distance/time Average Speed= Total S./Total T.
- Centripetal force
- any force that causes an object to move in a circular path.
- Buoyant Force
- the upward force exerted by a fluid on a submerged object
- Fluid Friction
- occurs when a solid object moves through a fluid.
- Planes
- fly using lift. The shape and slant of the wings are sources of lift, which exerts an equal and opposite force on the wing and causes the plane to propel forward
- Weight vs. Mass
- mass is the measurement or the amount of matter in an object; weight is a measure of the gravitational force excerpted on an object.
- Universal gravitation
- - states that the force of gravity acts between all objects in the universe.
- Motion
- state in which one object's distance from another is changing.
- Gravity
- is a force that pulls objects toward each other
- machine
- device that allows you to work in a way that is easier.
- Chimneys
- Warm air rises
- Free Fall
- when the only force acting on an object is gravity; in free fall the force of gravity is an unbalanced force, which causes an object to accelerate.
- Frisbees
- - it explains that the faster moving air following the disk's curved surface exerts less pressure than the air moving beneath it,