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Ch 3-States of Matter

Terms

undefined, object
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Boyle's law
staes that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volume of the gas increases as the pressure of the gas decreases and the volume of the gas decreases as the pressure of the gas increases
energy
the capacity to do work
sublimation
process where a solid changes directly into a gas; dry ice
plasma
matter that starts as a gas then ionizes; conducts electric currents; found in lightning, fire, aurora borealis
melting point
temp at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid
formula for pressure
pressure = force/area
solid
particles fixed, iron
liquid
particles closed packed but slide, oil
fluid speeds
speed increases in smaller areas than larger areas; thumb over hose
boiling point
temp at which a liquid boils
freezing point
the temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid; particles slow down and attraction increases
temperature
measurement of the kinetic energy of the particles in the object
amorphous solids
stoms/molecules that are in no particular order; rubber/wax
gas
particles in constant motion, oxygen
surface tension
the force acting on the particles at the surface of a liquid that causes spherical drops to form
kinetic energy
energy in motion
change of state
conversion of a substance form one physical form to another
law of conservation of energy
energy cannot be created or destroyed
pressure
the amount of force exerted per unit are of a surface; pressure increases as depth increases
the volume of an object equals
the volume of the water that is displaced
Kinetic Theory
1. matter is made of atoms/molecules 2. particles always in motion 3. heavier particles move slower
crystalline solids
orderly arrangement of atoms/molecules, ice/diamonds
Bernoulli's principle
states that fluid pressure decreases as the speed of a moving fluid increases
exothermic change
energy is released from substances as it changes state
Archimedes' principle
states the buoyant force on an object in a fluid is an upward force equal to the weight of the volume of fluid that the object displaces
density determines
if a substance will sink or float; sinks if denser that liquid; rise if lighter
buoyant force
the upward force exerted on an object immersed in or floating on a fluid; floating in a pool
pascal
SI unit; equal to the force of 1 newton exerted over an are of 1 square meter
fluids
nonsolid stae of matter in which the atoms or molecules are free to move past each other; gas or liquid
Gay-Lussac's law
states that the pressure of a gas at a constant volume is directly proportional to the absolute temp; spray can explode when heated
Charle's law
states that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, the volume of the gas increases as the temp of the gas increases and the volume of the gas decreases as the temperature of the gas decreases; balloons shrink in the freezer
endothermic change
changes that requre energy; solid to a liquid
viscosity
the resitance of a gas or liquid to flow; honey or oil is more viscous than water
properties of liquid
definite volume but change shape depending on the container
law of conservation of mass
mass cannot be created or destroyed; total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products
condensation
the change of a substance from a gas to a liquid; dew
thermal energy
total kinetic energy of the particles; faster the particles move, the greater the kinetic energy and the higher the temperature
heat
transfer of energy that causes the temp of a substance to change
hydraulic devices
devices that use liquids to transmit pressure from one point to another; can multiply forces
condensation point
the temperature when a gas becomes a liquid
pascal's principle
states that a fluid in equilibrium contained in a vessel exerts a pressure of equal intensity in all directions; squeezing toothpaste; pressure 1=pressure2
evaporation
the change of a substance from a liquid to a gas

Deck Info

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