PPE 3004 Chapter 3

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Psychoanalytic approach emphasized the.... How was neurotic behavior interpreted...: unconscious

as goal oriented behavior not meaningless or random.
Freudâ€™s theory is grounded in: psychological determinism
Topographical Model of the Mind: The mind is divided into these three levels of functioning:: Concious
Pre-conscious
Unconcious
The unconscious is... -methods to bring out the unconscious.: The portion of the mind of which a person is not aware.

-hypnosis
-dream analysis
-free association
All of our mental activities, the combination of our conscious and unconscious.: psyche
Our psyche's were divided into three classes which Freud labled...: Id
Ego
Superego
ID -contents (drives) -principle of operation: primitive drives and emotions

Pleasure principle
Ego -contents (drives) -principle of operation: Balances the id and the superego.

Reality principle
Superego -contents (drives) -principle of operation: internalizes social norms

morality principle
ID - developed when - closely tied to what functions - entirely from what portion of the mind?: At birth (inherited, instinctinve)

biological functions (eat, drink, sex)

unconsious
Reality principle asserts that the true purpose of life is... Unmet needs result in...: immediate satisfaction

"aversive tension"
EGO -develops... - why is it called the "decision-maker" - operates at what level of the mind?: out of the id

balances the needs of the id in socially acceptible ways.

all levels mostly conscious and preconscious.
Reality principle -the focus of the reality principle is to...: satisfy the id in the most socially acceptible way.
Superego -develops... - oversees.. - operates at what levels...: in childhood (4-5 y.o)

the ego and makes sure it acts MORALLY

All levels of consciousness.
KEY POINT in Freud's theory: Key point: Balance is an important feature of Freudâ€™s perspective
What are the psychosexual stages in order.: Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latency
Genital
Freud believed that the development of the mind occured by the libido shifting...: The gradual development of the mind as the libido is redirected to different parts of the body
Psychosexual stages: -children pass through... - ________ is formed at each stage -unresolved conflicts cause...: each of the steps (unless they get stuck in one)

A critical element to personality is determined at each stage.

conflicts cause a fixation in that stage.
Oral stage Theme Conflict Consequence: Infants are driven to satisfy their biological drives of hunger and thirst.

End of breast feeding

Oral fixation- nervous, chew on everything, preoccupation with food.
Anal stage Theme Conflict Consequence: child relieves himself by removing bodily wastes

toilet training

anal-expulsiveness or anal-retentiveness
Phallic stage Theme Conflict Consequence: Children gain pleasure through the genitals

Oedipus and Electra complexes

Overt sexual behavior, alignment with same-sex parent.
Girls and the phallic stage.: Girls not afraid enough of castration (no penis) so they identify less with MOMS and develop less ego-strength and therefore are more comonly fixated at this stage (inflated or repressed sexuality)
Latency Stage Theme Conflict Consequence: psychosexual energy is channeled into academic and social pursuits

NONE
NONE
Genital stage Theme Conflict Consequence: satisfaction from mature relationships

the genitals not the awareness but the function of the genitals
What does a healthy individual LOOK LIKE?: These are individuals who made it through the stages with no major fixations and enough energy.

"Healthy development is the ability to love and work in a healthy way."
pushing threatening thoughts/ideas into the unconscious: Repression
Repression is considered _________ defense mechanism. What is so important about repression?: Repression is the most basic defense mechanism.

Repression must occur before other mechanisms can be used.
objectionable thoughts are repressed and their opposites expressed: reaction formation
refusing to acknowledge anxiety- provoking stimuli despite abundant evidence for its reality: Denial
attributing anxiety provoking impulses or thoughts to others: projection
shifting of oneâ€™s unconscious aggression or fears to a safer target (hydraulic model): Displacement
dangerous urges are transformed into positive, socially meaningful motivations: Sublimation
protects the individual by returning to an earlier, â€œsaferâ€ time of life: Regression
creating logical and socially acceptable explanations for behaviors which were driven by unconscious impulses: Rationalization
disturbing thought is not denied consciousness, but related negative emotions are repressed: intellectualization

terminally ill family members learn all about the disease to detach emotionally.
internalization of the values and mannerisms of a feared person thereby reducing him or her as a threat: identification with the agressor

Very common in hostage situations
Manifestations of repressed thoughts in the course of everyday living: Parapraxes or Freuidian slips (rememeber everything happens for a reason)
why did Freud believe parapraxes happen?: To reveal unconscious motives.
Freud believed that gender differnces were _______ in nature. He believed women were inferior because... What did Freud believe at least partially contributed to women's inferiority?: Biological

Penis envy was not as severe as castration anxiety and thus women developed weaker super-ego's.

societal oppression.
Dream analysis -Freud analyzed dreams because he thought dreams were...: Products of the psyche and therefore hints of the unconscious.
According to Freud dreams were made of two components. What were they? and what is the difference?: Manifest content: the content of a dream that a person remembers

Latent content: the underlying hidden meaning of a dream

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