Mr. Murry SPSCC Key Terms Ch. 2
Terms
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- St. Augustine
- the first permanent European settlement and protected treasure fleet route.
- Anne Hutchinson
- weekly prayer meeting for women; accused the clergymen of placing too much emphasis on 'good behavior'; believed in achieving grace; in 1637 was put on trial and was banished; went to Rhode Island.
- Jamestown
- named after King James; death place to many traders; lack of fresh water and the location was toxic.
- Cecilius Calvert
- "Lord Baltimore" wanted Maryland to become a refuge for Catholics.
- Metacom's Rebellion
- leader of Wampanoags who led forces against whites to save their lands and culture.
- the Society of Jesus
- French priests who sought converts; Catholic religious order founded to combat Protestant reformation; did not exploit the Indians.
- Roger Williams
- minister of Puritan church in Salem; endorsed Pilgrim's separation of church and Plymouth state; found Rhode Island.
- Samuel de Champlain
- - in 1608 founded Quebec, first permanent settlement in Newfoundland; traded with the Huron Indians, gave them blankets and iron utensils (guns, gunpowder, ect)
- Nathaniel Bacon
- leader of rebels against Indians; issued "Manifesto and Declaration of the People"; burned Jamestown to the ground.
- Powhatan
- Chief of Algonquian-speaking people; saw Englishmen as allies
- the House of Burgesses
- First convened in 1619; make laws and levy taxes.
- Hernan de Soto
- led 600 men to battle with Apalaches in present day Florida; led a force of six hundred to cut a bloody swath across the Southeast, battling the Apalaches and the Coosas.
- praying towns
- created by Puritans that converted more than 1,000 Indians to Puritan religion; a Native American settlement in t 17th century New England supervised by a Puritan minister. Puritans used theses settlements to encourage Indians to addpt English culture and Protestant Christianity.
- Jacques Cartier
- in 1530s claimed the Gulf of St. Lawrence for France.
- Robert de la Salle
- traveled down Mississippi river to the Gulf of Mexico, trading as he went.
- Puritans or Pilgrims
- Wanted to preserve "pure" Christian faith; came to America on Mayflower.
- Jacques Marquette
- reached Mississippi river in 1673 in Wisconsin and traveled down to Arkansas searching for new sources of furs.
- John Winthrop
- First governor of Massachusetts Bay colony.
- Pope
- Indian shaman who called for Pueblo peoples to expel Spaniards in order to survive drought and diseases; followers from 24 tribes killed more than four hundred Spaniards and forced the remaining fifteen hundred colonists to flee 300 miles to El Paso.
- chattel slavery
- ownership of human beings; a system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought as sold like property.
- the Five Nations
- were prime aggressors in series of wars with Senecas, Cayugas, Onondagas, Oneidas, and Mohawks; waged wars against the Hurons (1649), the Neutrals (1651), Eries (1657), and the Susquehannocks, all Iroquoian-speaking peoples; ate human flesh; were peaceful with the French and let Jesuit missionaries live among them.
- the Salem witch trials
- accusations of witchcraft performed in Puritan town; many innocent lives taken.
- an established church
- all property owners paid taxes to support church.
- John Rolfe
- English colonist who married Powhatan's daughter Pocahontas; imported tobacco seed from the West Indies and began to grow it.
- New Amsterdam
- founded by West India Company; capital of New Netherland; located on Manhattan Island; offered little resistance to English invaders in 1664.
- the Toleration Act
- All Christians were able to follow their own religious beliefs.
- the Virginia Company
- King James I in 1606 granted company lands from North Carolina to Southern New York.
- the Mayflower Compact
- first American Constitution; Puritan's self-governing became model for political structure.
- Henry Hudson
- Englishman; in 1609 dispatched by Dutch to North America to find new fur supply.
- Oliver Cromwell
- led first victorious forces in religious war; led parliamentary forces again Charles the I of England; was victorious; in 1658 took dictator role of England.