Micro Anat Abnormal amnio placenta
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- when does the blastocyst implant into the endometrium
- 2nd week post fetilization
- what does the embryoblast develop into?
- embryo proper
- what are cytotrophoblasts connected by?
- desmosomes
- decidual cells are derived from?
- endometrial stroma
-
what is this?
large, high lipid/glyc content, pas positive, protect blastocyst from immune reaction, secrete prosta's and prolactin - decidual cells
- endometrium located between the myometrium and the chorion frondosum, contributes to placenta
- decidua basalis
- endometrium located between the embryo and the uterine lumen
- decidua capsularis
- remainder of uterine endometrium on the wall opposite the implantation site
- decidua parietalis
- where is the chorion derived from?
- trophoblast
- villous of feathery part of chorion adjacent to decidua basalis(contributes to placents)
- chorion frondosum
- smooth part of chorion adjacent to the decidua capsularis
- chorion laeve
- maternal blood flows through spaces in the chorion and is in direct contact with the cells of the chorion. This is called?
- hemochorial placenta, note however that there is a complete seperation of maternal and fetal blood
- when are the primary, secondary and tertiary villi formed?
-
primary - 11-13 days post ovulation
secondary - 16 days
tertiary - 3rd week and beyond - what is the core of a secondary villi made of?
- mesenchyme from the mesoderm
- what does the placental barrier include when it's thick? when it's thin?
- syncyciotrophoblast, *discontinuous cytotrophoblast, trophoblast basal lamina, *CT, fetal caps basal lamina, fetal cap endothelium
- fused with the decidua basalis, attach anchoring villi, outer covering of the fetal part of placenta, interrupted by maternal blood vessels
- cytotrophoblast shell part of the chorion frondosum
- fetal side of the placenta, large branches of umbilical arteries and veins of fetal circulation
- chorionic plate
- what are the two sides of the chorionic plate?
- smooth amniotic cells, cyto and syncytiotrophoblast
- where do stem villi arise from?
- the chorionic plate
- what are the names of villi that branch from the sides of stem villi and dont fuse w/ decidua basalis
- free, terminal or branch villi
- formed by decidual partitions that grow into the maternal blood space
- cotyedons
- how many cotyledons in one placenta
- 15-25
- what cells produce acidophilic PAS pos material called fibrinoid?
- decidual cells (found under cotlyedons heading)
- where do spiral arteries of the mother empty into?
- intervillous space, blood flows to the chorionic plate initially represented by the lacunae of the syncycio
- in the fetus, where does poorly oxygenated blood flow from? and what does it flow through?
- flows from fetus to placents through paired umbilical arteries
- in fetus, where does highly oxygenated blood flow from? what does it flow through
- flows from palcenta to fetus through a single umbilical vein
- what does the umbilical cord become covered by?
- the amnion(simple cuboidal epithelium)
- contain main branches from the umbiical arteries and veins, branch repeatedly, which increases SA for metobolic exchange
- stem villi
- how can anchoring villi mix maternal blood?
- anchoring villi contract to mix maternal blood
- bathed by maternal blood in intervillous spaces
- tertiary villi
- aggregates of syncytiotrophoblast nuclei
- syncytial knots, may break off and enter maternal circulation
- sparse microvilli, no terminal web, actin near cell surface, mito w/ both tubular and shelf cristae, lipid droplets, multivesicular bodies, share basement membrane with some of the fetal capillaries
- syncytial cells of the tertiary villi, have properties of absorptive cells, protein and steroid secreting cells
- macrophages located in the core of the tertiary villous are called?
- hofbauer cells
- what cells are mainly responsible for absorption in teh placenta?
- syncytio
- what Ig_ can cross the placenta?
- IgG
- what cells mainly produce glycogen, cholesterol and fatty acids(metabolites) and steroid hormones (estrogen/progesterone)
- syncytio
- maintains pregnancy, precursor is from the fetal adrenal cortex
- estrogen
- maintains pregnancy, placenta takes over its production from the corpus luteum
- progesterone
- maintains corpus luteum, especially during early pregnancy, homologous to TSH in stimulating maternal thyroid to produce T4,
- hCG
- growth promoting and lactogenic hormone, other name hPL(human placental lactogen), regulates glucose metabolism,
- hCS
- what hormone stimulates mammary duct proliferation
- hCS
- where is hCS produced?
- the syncytio
- when does hCG production begin?
- around day 6 of pregnancy
- what is produced by and stimulates the proliferation of the cytotrophoblast?
- IGF-I and IGF-II
- maintains the function of the differentiated trophoblast
- endothelial growth factor
- where is endothelial growth factor produced?
-
early - cytotrophoblasts,
later - syncyciotrophoblasts - contributes to softening of the cervix/pelvic ligaments,
- relaxin
- what cells produce relaxin?
- decidual cells
- regulates maternal nutrient storage relative to the requirements of the fetus
- leptin
- where is leptin produced?
- the syncyciotrophoblast
- stiumulates the prolifertion of breast tissue and milk production
- prolactin
- where is prolactine produced?
- produced by decidual cells
- involved in the initiation of partutition, produced by decidual cells
- prostaglandins