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Chapter 14 History Stuff

Terms

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Lorenzo Medici
Wealthy Florentine ruler who was a generous patron of the arts
Christopher Columbus
sailed to Americas in 1492
Francesco Petrarch
Florentine who was an early humanist. He wrote 'Sonnets to Laura'
Donatello
sculptor who made a soldier on horseback
Sofonisba Anguissola
Italian Noblewoman who became painter for King Phillip II of Spain
Filippo Brunelleschi
created the majestic dome
Leonardo Da Vinci
renowned Renaissance thinker who painted the 'Mona Lisa' and 'The Last Supper'
Michelangelo
sculptor, engineer, painter, architect, and poet who painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
Raphael
painter who made 'The School of Athens'
Baldassare Castiglione
wrote 'The Book of the Courtier'
Niccolo Machiavelli
wrote 'The Prince'
patron
financial supporter
Humanism
study of classical culture rather than religious studies
Humanities
subjects taught in ancient Roman and Greek schools
Perspective
artistic technique used to give drawings and paintings a 3-D effect
Albtrcht Dürer
became a renowned engraver of his time. He spread the Italian renaissance to his homeland
Jan and Hubert van Eyck
developed oil paint
Pieter Bruegel
used vibrant colors to partray lively scenes of peasant life.
Peter Paul Rubens
blended the realistic tradition of Flemish painters with the classicalthemes and artistic freedom of the Italian Renaissance
Erasmus
produced a new Greek edutuib if tge Bew Testament. He also wrote 'The Praise of Folly'
Thomas More
wrote 'Utopia'
Rabelais
Wrote 'Gargantua and Pantagruel'
Cervantes
wrote Don Quixote
Johann Gutemberg
made the first Printing press in 1456
Engraving
etching of a design into a plate that is rujn through a press to make pictures
Vernacular
everyday language of ordinary people
Utopian
ideal society
Date of Printing Press
1456
Date of Luther's Theses
1517
Date of Act of Supremacy
1534
Date of Peace of Augsburg
1555
Johann Tetzel
priest who was selling indulgences that caused Luther to make the 95 Theses
Martin Luther
caused Protestant Reformation
Charles V
Holy Roman Emperor who declared Luther an outlaw
Peace of Augsburg
settlement that allowed each prince to decide which religion (Catholic or Lutheran) would be followed in his designated lands. North took Lutheranism, South took Catholicism
Ulrich Zwingli
rejected elaborate Church rituals and stressed importance of Bible
John Calvin
made 'Institutes of the Christian Religion' in which he set forth his religious beliefs
Henry VIII
English King who took over the English Church when the Pope refused to give him an annulment for his marriage
Catherine of Aragorn
wife of Henry VIII who gave birth to Mary Tudor
Anne Boleyn
Second wife of Henry who he married after his divorce with his first
Act of Supremacy
made Henry the supreme head of the Church.
Thomas Cranmer
wrote 'Book of Common Prayer'
Council of Trent
meeting designed to establish the direction that the Catholic Reformation should take
Ignatius of Loyola
founded the Jesuits whose purpose was to combat heresy and spread the Catholic faith
Teresa of Avila
widely honored nun who devoted her life to spirituality
annul
cancel
canonize
recognize as a saint
compromise
acceptable middle ground
scapegoat
people who were blamed for problems
ghetto
separate quarter of a city in which Jews were forced to live
Copernicus
proposed the heliocentric theory and wrote 'On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres'
Tycho Brahe
provided evidence that supported Copernicus's theory
Kepler
calculated the orbits of the planets revolving around the sun
Galileo
assembled an astronomical telescope and said that Earth moved around the sun
Scientific Method
State problem > Gather info> form hypothesis> test hypothesis> record data> state conclusion> repeat steps
Francis Bacon
stressed experimentation and observation
Descartes
emphasized human reasoning as the best road to understanding
Sir Isaac Newton
discovered gravity and wrote 'Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy'
Robert Boyle
considered founder of modern chemistry
Vesalius
made first accurate study of human anatomy
Pare
developed a system of preventing infection
Harvey
described heart
Leeuwenhoek
perfected the microscope
heliocenric
sun-centered
hypothesis
possible explanation
gravity
single force that keeps the planets in their orbits around the sun

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