Chapter 14 History Stuff
Terms
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- Lorenzo Medici
- Wealthy Florentine ruler who was a generous patron of the arts
- Christopher Columbus
- sailed to Americas in 1492
- Francesco Petrarch
- Florentine who was an early humanist. He wrote 'Sonnets to Laura'
- Donatello
- sculptor who made a soldier on horseback
- Sofonisba Anguissola
- Italian Noblewoman who became painter for King Phillip II of Spain
- Filippo Brunelleschi
- created the majestic dome
- Leonardo Da Vinci
- renowned Renaissance thinker who painted the 'Mona Lisa' and 'The Last Supper'
- Michelangelo
- sculptor, engineer, painter, architect, and poet who painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
- Raphael
- painter who made 'The School of Athens'
- Baldassare Castiglione
- wrote 'The Book of the Courtier'
- Niccolo Machiavelli
- wrote 'The Prince'
- patron
- financial supporter
- Humanism
- study of classical culture rather than religious studies
- Humanities
- subjects taught in ancient Roman and Greek schools
- Perspective
- artistic technique used to give drawings and paintings a 3-D effect
- Albtrcht Dürer
- became a renowned engraver of his time. He spread the Italian renaissance to his homeland
- Jan and Hubert van Eyck
- developed oil paint
- Pieter Bruegel
- used vibrant colors to partray lively scenes of peasant life.
- Peter Paul Rubens
- blended the realistic tradition of Flemish painters with the classicalthemes and artistic freedom of the Italian Renaissance
- Erasmus
- produced a new Greek edutuib if tge Bew Testament. He also wrote 'The Praise of Folly'
- Thomas More
- wrote 'Utopia'
- Rabelais
- Wrote 'Gargantua and Pantagruel'
- Cervantes
- wrote Don Quixote
- Johann Gutemberg
- made the first Printing press in 1456
- Engraving
- etching of a design into a plate that is rujn through a press to make pictures
- Vernacular
- everyday language of ordinary people
- Utopian
- ideal society
- Date of Printing Press
- 1456
- Date of Luther's Theses
- 1517
- Date of Act of Supremacy
- 1534
- Date of Peace of Augsburg
- 1555
- Johann Tetzel
- priest who was selling indulgences that caused Luther to make the 95 Theses
- Martin Luther
- caused Protestant Reformation
- Charles V
- Holy Roman Emperor who declared Luther an outlaw
- Peace of Augsburg
- settlement that allowed each prince to decide which religion (Catholic or Lutheran) would be followed in his designated lands. North took Lutheranism, South took Catholicism
- Ulrich Zwingli
- rejected elaborate Church rituals and stressed importance of Bible
- John Calvin
- made 'Institutes of the Christian Religion' in which he set forth his religious beliefs
- Henry VIII
- English King who took over the English Church when the Pope refused to give him an annulment for his marriage
- Catherine of Aragorn
- wife of Henry VIII who gave birth to Mary Tudor
- Anne Boleyn
- Second wife of Henry who he married after his divorce with his first
- Act of Supremacy
- made Henry the supreme head of the Church.
- Thomas Cranmer
- wrote 'Book of Common Prayer'
- Council of Trent
- meeting designed to establish the direction that the Catholic Reformation should take
- Ignatius of Loyola
- founded the Jesuits whose purpose was to combat heresy and spread the Catholic faith
- Teresa of Avila
- widely honored nun who devoted her life to spirituality
- annul
- cancel
- canonize
- recognize as a saint
- compromise
- acceptable middle ground
- scapegoat
- people who were blamed for problems
- ghetto
- separate quarter of a city in which Jews were forced to live
- Copernicus
- proposed the heliocentric theory and wrote 'On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres'
- Tycho Brahe
- provided evidence that supported Copernicus's theory
- Kepler
- calculated the orbits of the planets revolving around the sun
- Galileo
- assembled an astronomical telescope and said that Earth moved around the sun
- Scientific Method
- State problem > Gather info> form hypothesis> test hypothesis> record data> state conclusion> repeat steps
- Francis Bacon
- stressed experimentation and observation
- Descartes
- emphasized human reasoning as the best road to understanding
- Sir Isaac Newton
- discovered gravity and wrote 'Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy'
- Robert Boyle
- considered founder of modern chemistry
- Vesalius
- made first accurate study of human anatomy
- Pare
- developed a system of preventing infection
- Harvey
- described heart
- Leeuwenhoek
- perfected the microscope
- heliocenric
- sun-centered
- hypothesis
- possible explanation
- gravity
- single force that keeps the planets in their orbits around the sun