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sociologychapter2

Terms

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culture
shared products of human groups. (physical objects and beliefs, values, and behaviors)
Material culture
the physical objects people create and use. (cars, books, buildings, etc.)
Nonmaterial culture
abstract human creations. (beliefs, family patterns, ideas/rules, etc.)
Society
group of interdependent people who have organized in such a way as to share a common culture and feeling of unity.
Technology
a combination of objects and rules.
Language
organization of written or spoken symbols into a standardized system.
Values
shared beliefs about what is good or bad, right or wrong, desirable or undesirable.
Norms
shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations.
Folkways
norms that describe socially acceptable behavior but do not have any moral significance to them.
Mores
have great moral significance attached to them.
Laws
written rules of conduct enacted and enforced by the government.
Culture trait
simplest level of culture
Culture complexes
individual traits combine to form the next level.
Culture patterns
Culture complexes that combine to form larger levels.
Cultural universals
features common to all cultures.
Ethnocentrism
tendency to view oneÂ’s own culture and group as superior.
Cultural relativism
belief that cultures should be judged by their own standards rather than applying the standards of another culture.
Subculture
broad cultural features some groups in society share (values, norms, and behaviors not shared by everyone else.)
Counterculture
a group that rejects major values, norms and practices of larger society and replaces them with another set of patterns.

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