sociologychapter2
Terms
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- culture
- shared products of human groups. (physical objects and beliefs, values, and behaviors)
- Material culture
- the physical objects people create and use. (cars, books, buildings, etc.)
- Nonmaterial culture
- abstract human creations. (beliefs, family patterns, ideas/rules, etc.)
- Society
- group of interdependent people who have organized in such a way as to share a common culture and feeling of unity.
- Technology
- a combination of objects and rules.
- Language
- organization of written or spoken symbols into a standardized system.
- Values
- shared beliefs about what is good or bad, right or wrong, desirable or undesirable.
- Norms
- shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations.
- Folkways
- norms that describe socially acceptable behavior but do not have any moral significance to them.
- Mores
- have great moral significance attached to them.
- Laws
- written rules of conduct enacted and enforced by the government.
- Culture trait
- simplest level of culture
- Culture complexes
- individual traits combine to form the next level.
- Culture patterns
- Culture complexes that combine to form larger levels.
- Cultural universals
- features common to all cultures.
- Ethnocentrism
- tendency to view oneÂ’s own culture and group as superior.
- Cultural relativism
- belief that cultures should be judged by their own standards rather than applying the standards of another culture.
- Subculture
- broad cultural features some groups in society share (values, norms, and behaviors not shared by everyone else.)
- Counterculture
- a group that rejects major values, norms and practices of larger society and replaces them with another set of patterns.