Skeletal System (Chapter 33)
Terms
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- Contains the bones of the free appendages (arms and legs), plus the bones called girdles.
- Appenicular Skeleton
- 126 bones
- Appenicular Skeleton
- 80 bones
- Axial Skeleton
- consists of the skull, etc.
- Axial Skeleton
- Which skull is lighter and smaller, less muscular obvious attachment, jaw is smaller
- Female
- Cavity is wider
- Females
- Coccyx is more moveable
- Female
- connective tissue with a hard calcified matrix
- Bones
-
1. support and form
2. attachment of muscles
3. protection of vital organs
4. production of blood
5. stores calcium for metabolic activity - Bones
- What is needed for blood clot formation, nerve impulse conduction, muscle cell contraction
- Calcium
- Long axis, expanded ends
- Long Bones
- Cube-like, width=length
- Short Bones
- Plate-like, ribs, scapula
- Flat Bones
- Variety, connect to other bones
- Irregular Bones
- Small with tendons
- Round (sesamoid) Bone
- attaches muscles to bones
- tendons
- attaches bones to bones
- ligaments
- type of bone with many large spaces with red marrow (produces RBC)
- Spongy Bone
- type of bone that is tightly packed, solid and strong, resists bending; contains osteoclasts; yellow marrow: fat storage
- Compact Bone
- What develops from cartilage models in the embryo
- Bones
- What secretes material inside the shaft of the cartilage model of long bones?
- Osteoblasts
- After osteoblasts secrete material inside the shaft, what is deposited in the bone?
- Calcium
- Merge to form the marrow cavity in the bone
- Cavities
- Eventually osteoblasts become trapped within their own secretions and become...
- Osteocytes (mature bone cells)
- Type of fracture that bone has broken the skin
- Open Fracture (compound fracture)
- Type of fracture where the bone has not broken the skin
- Closed Fracture (Simple fracture)
- What is needed for the proper absorption of calcium?
- Vitamin D
- What is important for collagen in the bone?
- Vitamin C
- Insufficient amounts delays bone development
- Vitamin A
- What two factors affect bone development, growth, and repair?
- Nutrition and Horomones