Obstetrics Ch 1-3

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Terms

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Branch of medicine that pertains to the care of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period: OBSTETRICS
The period after delivery until the involution of the uterus is complete, usually 6 weeks.: PUERPERIUM
A physician specializing in the care of women during pregnancy, labor, birth, and the postpartum period: OBSTETRICIAN
The branch of medicine that deals with the child's development and care and the diseases of childhood and treatment: PEDIATRICS
The philosophy, goals, culture, and ethnic practices of the family contribute to their ability to accept and maintain control over health care of family: EMPOWERMENT
father of obstetrics: SORANUS, A GREEK PHYSICIAN
procedure used to rotate a fetus to a breech, or feet first position: PODALIC VERSION
Karl Crede: recommended instilling 2% silver nitrate into newborn's eyes to prevent blindness caused by gonorrhea
Ignaz Semmelweis: discovered relationship between puerperal fever and unwashed hands of doctors and medical students
Louis Pasteur: confirmed spread of bacteria from improper handwashing and contact with contaminated objects
Joseph Lister: introduced antiseptic surgery
Abraham Jacobi: Father of pediatrics
term pertaining to incidence of illness and disease: MORBIDITY
term pertaining to incidence of death: MORTALITY
Provided funds for state-managed programs for maternity care: Sheppard-Towner Act
established a minimum working age of 16 and a minimum age of 18 for hazardous jobs: Fair Labor Standards Act
Rooms in which the pregnant patient receives care during labor and delivery and then remains to recover and care for her new infant: LABOR,DELIVERY, AND RECOVERY (LDR)ROOMS
freestanding buildings outside the hospital that provide comprehensive care, including antepartum, labor-delivery, postpartum, mother's classes, lactation classes, and followup family planning: BIRTHING CENTERS
efficient and effective use of resources: COST CONTAINMENT
A registered nurse who has graduated from an accredited midwife program and is nationally certified by the American-College of Nurse-Midwives. provides comprehensive prenatal and postnatal care and attends uncomplicated deliveries: MIDWIVES
A body of inherited characteristics that one generation hands down to the next: CULTURE
A conscious awareness of the cultural values, beliefs, and perceptions of one's self and others: CULTURAL AWARENESS
A quality, attained by cultural awareness and sensitivity, that enables health care providers to adapt practices to meet the needs of patients from various cultures.: CULTURAL COMPETENCE
An understanding of and sensitivity to cultural practices and values that differ from one's own.: CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
The study of the functions of all of the genes in the human body, with a focus on their interactions with each other and the environment.: GENOMICS
A Medicare system that determines payment for a hospital stay based on the patient's diagnosis: DIAGNOSIS RELATED GROUPS (DRGs)
A medical care delivery system that offers health services for a fixed premium; serves people who are financially stable: HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION (HMO)
A medical care delivery system that contracts with providers for services on a discounted fee-for-service basis for members; serves people who are financially stable: PREFERRED PROVIDER ORGANIZATION (PPO)
A person who intercedes or pleads on behalf of another: ADVOCATE
The process of integrating a physically or mentally challenged child into society: MAINSTREAM
The process of fully integrating a physically or mentally challenged child into society: FULL INCLUSION
Advanced practice Nurse that provides ambulatory and primary care for pediatric patients: PEDIATRIC NURSE PRACTITIONER
Advanced practice nurse who provides care in the hospital or community to specific specialty patients, such as cardiac, neurological, or oncological: CLINICAL NURSE SPECIALIST
A series of steps describing the systematic problem-solving approach nurses use to identify, prevent, or treat actual or potential health problems: NURSING PROCESS
Written instrument of communication among staff members that focuses on individualized patient care: NURSING CARE PLAN
Critical Pathways, care maps, or multidisciplinary action plans. Collaborative guidelines that define multidisciplinary care in terms of outcomes within a timeline: CLINICAL PATHWAYS
The process of gathering and analyzing numerical data: STATISTICS
Purposeful, goal-directed thinking based on scientific evidence rather than assumption or memorization: CRITICAL THINKING
Using the best evidence obtained from current, valid, published research: EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE
A period of rapid change in the lives of boys and girls during which the reproductive systems mature and become capable of reproduction: PUBERTY
When does puberty end?: When mature sperm are formed or when regular menstrual cycles occur
What are the external MALE genitalia?: PENIS AND SCROTUM (which contain the testes)
cheese like sebaceous substance that collects under the foreskin of the penis and also produced by the clitoris: SMEGMA
Two functions of the penis: 1. Provides a duct to expel urine from bladder
2. Deposits sperm in the female vagina to fertilize an ovum
Sperm Production: SPERMATOGENESIS
What are the internal MALE genitalia?: TESTES, VAS DEFERENS, PROSTATE, SEMINAL VESICLES, EJACULATORY DUCTS, URETHRA, AND ACCESSORY GLANDS
Two functions of the testes?: 1. Manufacture sperm (in the seminiferous tubules)
2. Secrete male hormones (androgens)
Where are sperm produced?: Seminiferous tubules
Initiates the production of testosterone in the Leydig cells of the teestes: Luteinizing hormone (LH)
What are the accessory glands of the MALE reproductive system?: Seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands (Cowper's glands)
Combined seminal plasma and sperm: SEMEN
What are the external FEMALE genitalia?: mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, fourchette, clitoris, vaginal vestibule, perineum.
The external FEMALE genitalia are called?: VULVA
a fold of tissue just below the bagina where the labia majora and labia minora meet: (fourchette) OBSTETRICAL PERINEUM
What are the 5 structures of the Vaginal Vestibule?: 1. urethral meatus (approx 2 cm below clitoris)
2. Skene's ducts (provide lubrication for urethra)
3. Vaginal introitus (division between internal and external genitalia)
4. Hymen
5. Ducts of the Bartholin glands
Strong, muscular area between vaginal opening and the anus: Perineum
Painful sexual intercourse: Dyspareunia
What are the internal FEMALE genitalia?: vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries
What is the tubular structure made of muscle and membranous tissue that connects the external genitalia to the uterus: VAGINA
Transverse ridges of the mucous membrane lining that makes stretching of the vagina possible during delivery: RUGAE
Three functions of the vagina: 1. provides a passage way for sperm to enter the uterus
2. Allows a drainage of menstrual fluids and other secretions
3. Provides a passageway for the infant's birth
Most important of the Pelvic Floor Muscles?: levator ani- supports three structures that penetrates it: urethra, vagina, and rectum
The developing structure in the early stage of development-- the period from about 3-8 weeks of gestation: EMBRYO
What are the ligaments that support the uterus?: BROAD LIGAMENT
ROUND LIGAMENT
CARDINAL LIGAMENT
UTEROSACRAL LIGAMENT
Provides stability to the uterus in the pelvic cavity: BROAD LIGAMENT
Surrounded by muscles that enlarge during pregnancy and keep the uterus in place: ROUND LIGAMENT
Prevent uterine prolapse: CARDINAL LIGAMENTS
surrounded by smooth muscle and contain sensory nerve fibers that may contribute to the sensation of dysmenorrhea: UTEROSACRAL LIGAMENTS
What are the three layers of the Fundus and Corpus?: 1. Perimetrium (outermost)
2. Myometrium (middle)
3. Endometrium (inner)
internal opening of the cervix near the uterine corpus: INTERNAL OS
cervical opening into the vagina: EXTERNAL OS
Four functions of the mucosal lining of the cervix: 1. lubricates the vagina
2. acts as a bacteriostatic agent
3. provides an alkaline environment to shelter sperm from acidic pH of vagina
4. produces a mucous plug in the cervical canal during pregnancy
Four sections of Fallopian tubes: 1. interstitial (extends into uterine cavity)
2. isthmus (narrow area near uterus)
3. ampulla (wider area, site of fertilization)
4. infundibulum ( funnel-like enlarged distal end of tube)
Fertilized ovum: ZYGOTE
Two functions of the ovaries: 1. production of hormones, chiefly estrogen and progesterone
2. stimulation of an ovum's maturation during each menstrual cycle
The four bones that attach to the lower spine to form the pelvis: Two innominate bones (ilium, pubis, and ischium)
Sacrum
Coccyx
Three functions of the bony pelvis: 1. Supports and distributes body weight
2. Supports and protects pelvic organs
3. Forms the birth passageway
Four basic types of pelves: Gynecoid
Anthropoid
Android
Platypelloid
Distance between the suprapubic angle and the sacral promontory: DIAGONAL CONJUGATE
The smallest inlet diameter. Measurement determines if fetus can pass through birth canal: OBSTETRIC CONJUGATE
Largest diameter of the inlet. Determines the inlets shape: TRANSVERSE DIAMETER
A measurement of the distance between the inner surfaces of the ischial tuberosities: BIISCHIAL DIAMTER
small sebaceous glands in the areola that secrete a substance to lubricate and protect the breasts during lactation: MONTGOMERY'S GLANDS
Stimulates the maturation of a follicle in the ovary that contains a single ovum: FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH)
Occurs when a mature ovum is released from the follicle about 14 days before the onset of the next menstrual period: OVULATION
Beginning of menstruation: MENARCHE
A period of years during which the woman's ability to reproduce gradually declines: CLIMACTERIC
The final menstrual period: MENOPAUSE
Four phases of human sexual response: 1. excitement
2. plateau
3. orgasmic
4. resolution
Stimulates contraction of the uterus and dilation of the cervical canal: OCYTOCIN
22 pairs of body chromosomes: AUTOSOMES
drugs that cause damage to growing cells such as some prescribed medications: TERATOGENS
Two types of cell division: MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS
Cell division that is a continuous process by which the body grows and develops and dead body cells are replaced: MITOSIS
Cell division in which reproductive cells undergo two sequential divisions: MEIOSIS
23 chromosomes as a result of meiosis: HAPLOID
when the sperm and ovum unite: FERTILIZATION
the formation of gametes by meiosis: GAMETOGENESIS
Where does fertilization normally occur?: In the outer third of the fallopian tube near the ovary
The endometrium after the zygote has been implanted: DECIDUA
What are the germ layers?: ECTODERM
MESODERM
ENDODERM
Outer layer of embryonic cells: CHORION
bag of waters that permit the embryo to float freely: AMNIOTIC SAC
What is the volume of amniotic fluid at 37 weeks gestation: 1000 mL
What are the 5 functions of amniotic fluid?: 1. maintain even temperature
2. prevent amniotic sac from adhering to fetal skin
3. allows symmetrical growth
4. allows buoyancy and fetal movement
5. acts as a cushion to protect fetus and umbilical cord from injury
What are the three basic stages that characterize prenatal development: zygote
embryo
fetus
At 20 weeks the lungs have matured functionally enough for the fetus to survive outside the uterus: AGE OF VIABILITY
afterbirth/ a temporary organ for fetal respiration, nutrition, and extretion: PLACENTA
What are the 4 hormones produced by the placenta: progesterone
estrogen
Human chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
Human Placental Lactogen (hPL)
covers and cushions the cord vessels and keeps the three vessels separated: Wharton's Jelly
What are the three fetal circulatory shunts: Ductus venosus
Foramen ovale
Ductus arteriosus
identical twins: MONOZYGOTIC TWINS (MZ)
FRATERNAL TWINS: DIZYGOTIC TWINS (DZ)

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Created By gretchenfortner