Anatomy Physiology BIO-163 Final Questions

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170. Each Mammary gland is composed of how many lobes?: 15-20
154. Which hormones stimulates the maturation of the ovarian follicles?: FSH
163. What hormone is thought to be responsible for hiding the fetus from the mother's immune system during pregnancy is?: HCG
153. Which of the glands secrete the hormones FSH & LH?: Pituitary gland
193. TRUE or FALSE The base of the clitoris forms a crura?: TRUE
157. Each testicular lobule contains one to four highly coiled, convoluted _____ each of which is approximately 70cm long when uncoiled?: Semineferous tubules
165. Most often the egg is fertilized in which of the following female reproductive structures?: Fallopian tubes
59. Bony projections coming off bone which allow for the attachment of tendons and ligaments are called?: Processes
184. What is the name of the finger-like structures seen at the ovarian end of the fallopina tubes?: Fimbriae
161. Prior to ejaculation, there is movement of sperm from the testes and secretions from the prostate glands termed?: Emission
192. Which consists of rounded folds composed primarily of adipose? Its function is to protect the external female genitalia?: Labia Major
156. Egg maturation (development) is termed?: Oogensesis
189. What is the name of the erectile tissue found in the clitoris?: Corpora Cavernosa
92. What is/are the neurotransmitters for smooth muscle?: Acetycholine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine
200. Identical twins develop from what?: Same Sperm, Same Egg
61. What is contained within the medullary cavity of a long bone?: Yellow marrow or adipose tissue.
178. The primary function of the prostate is to?: Secrete alkaline fluids to help neutralize acidic ph of the vagina.
121. Which is the only neuroglial cell found in the peripheral nervous system?: Schwann Cells
185. Which of the structures secretes fructose into siminal fluid?: Siminal Vesicles
80. The largest tarsal bone is known as?: Calcanius
197. Which is produced prior to the production of milk?: Colostrum
79. Cancellous bone is located in the _____ of the long bones?: Epiphysis
177. The penis contains 3 columns of erectile tissue known as?: Two dorsal - corpora cavernosa
Two ventral - corpus spongiosum
107. Type- O blood has antibodies to?: A & B blood
188. What becomes of the polar bodies seen in oogenesis?: Degenerate
87. In the presence of Calcium ions, myosin forms crossbridges with ______.: Actin protein molecules
187. Which of the structures consists of a convoluted tubule about 18 feet long and is located on the outside of the testes?: Bowman's Capsule (Epididymis)
58. Spongy bone is also known as?: Cancellous bone
199. The innermost layer of the uterus is known as the?: Endometrium
94. Red blood cells are also known as?: Erythrocytes
176. What is the primary male sexual characteristic?: Presence of testies
91. Instead of troponin, smooth muscle has which protein?: Calmdulin
167. During spermatogenesis which help to mature & nurture the developing sperm cells before they are released into the epididymis?: Supporting cells
122. Which neuroglial cells are most numerous?: Astrocytes
174. Cells Leydig do what?: Produces testosterone
151. What hormone maintains the corpus luteum during the first two months of pregnancy?: HCG
179. Sperm cells are able to fertilize the egg after they enter the female reproductive tract, this is referred to as?: Catacitation
97. What are Granulocytes?: Neutrofils, basiofils, eosinophils
169. During fetal circulation blood is shunted from the right atrium to the left atrium through which of the following?: Foraman ovale
77. Free moveable joints are known as?: Darthrosis
175. The corpora cavernosa devides laterally and attaches firmly to the peritoneum. This region of the penis is called?: Root of Penis
145. The posterior cavity of the eyeball is filled with a jelly-like substance called?: Vitrus humor
162. Parturition is better known as?: Giving birth or the birth process.
84. The "dark" colored bands seen in the striations of skeletal muscle are known as?: A-Bands
195. Development of the breasts during pregnancy is aided by which of the following hormones?: Estrogens
72. The foramen magnum enters which bone?: Occipital bone
190. Which region (s) of the spinal cord is involved in female orgasm?: Lumbar and sacrum
115. The largest lymphatic vessel in the body is called?: Thorasic duct
173. LH (lutinizing hormone is known as ________ in the male?: Icsh
57. The shaft portion of a long bone is referred to as?: Diaphysis
183. The umbilical cord contains?: Two arteries and one vein.
86. The muscle cell cytoplasm is known as the?: Sarcoplasm
166. When the sperm cell reaches and contacts the egg cell for fertilization what is true?: Sperm invades and fertalizes.
143. The colored portion of the eye is the?: Iris
168. What carries oxygenated blood and nutrients to the fetus?: Umbilical vein
83. Individual muscles are separated from adjacent muscles and held into position by?: Fascia
198. The embryonic disc gives rise to all BUT which germ layers?: Mosederm Layer
132. When the nerve cell membrane undergoes a sudden change in permeability and sodium ions rush inside causing the outside to be + charged its called?: Depolarization
180. The male and female sex cells contribute how many chromosomes each?: 23
90. The head of the femur attaches to what portion of the hipbone?: Acetabulum
172. During erection of penile tissue smooth muscles in the arteries relax allowing increased blood flow in response to innervation and stimulation of which?: PSN
112. T-4 released from the thyroid gland is also known as?: Thyroxin
186. Which of the structures provides most of the lubricating fluid to aid insertion of the male penis?: Bartholin's gland
70. Bones of the wrist are termed?: Short bones (corpals)
182. Which stimulates the mammary gland to actually secrete or expel the milk from the breast?: Placental progesterone (prolactin)
88. What is the function of the tropomyosin-troponin protein complex?: Prevents actin from binding to myosin crossbridges.
181. The nipple of the breast is surrounded by?: Pigmented area called the areola.
137. Where is the vestibule located?: Between the cochlea and the semicurcular canals.
191. Which of the cells produces inhibin hormone?: Supporting Cells (sertois cell)
65. Which bone is located in the neck and helps aid in the movement of the tongue and aid in swallowing?: Hyoid
171. Which stimulates the growth of mammary glands at puberty?: Ovarian hormones
74. The cristi galli is part of which bone?: Ethmoid bone
164. Development of secondary sex characteristics occurs at what stage of development?: Germ puberty
63. The knee cap is called the?: Patella
196. TRUE or FALSE Involution is aided by the nursing infant?: TRUE
116. What type blood is known as the univesal donor?: Type-O
35. What is the function of the protein Keratin?: Waterproofs the tissue and prevents microrganisms from entering the body as well as other toxins. It also prevents leaking of body fluids.
82. Which bone contains the odontoid process (Dens)?: Axis
30. Blood vessels and nerves are found in which area of the bone?: Haversain canals
117. The outermost portion of the Schwann cell as it wraps around an axon is termed?: Neurilemma
36. What is the function of the fibroblast?: Produces both yellow and white fibers.
73. The mastoid process is part of which bone?: Temporal bone
23. Which types of tissue consists of a single layer of thin, flattened, irregular cells that fit tightly together?: Simple squamous
110. What is the function of ADH?: decreases urinary output, regulates blood pressure
24. Which tissues form the inner linings of the urinary bladder and the passageways of the urinary system?: Transitional epithelium
119. Between the adjacent schwann cells are gaps or spaces where they do not touch which is called?: Nodes of Ranvier
37. Bone cells are found in chambers known as?: Lacunae
131. The insula is also known as?: Island of Reil
53. What is the function of RNA?: It carries amino acid to messenger RNA.
101. Which cells produce antibodies?: B-cells
51. Simple cubodial epithelium is found in which area?: Lining of the ovaries, kidneys, salivary glands, pancreas, and liver.
142. Which portions of the brain is involved in interpreting impulses involved in the sense of dynamic equilibrium?: Cerebellum
52. Where is smooth muscle found?: Digestive system and other glands.
127. What neurotransmitter is secreted by the preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system?: Acytocholine
38. The function of the canaliculi is to?: Allow for a rich nutrient supply to all bone tissue.
159. The fibromuscular cord that aids movement of the testes during fetal descention is known as?: Gubernaculums
49. What is the function of the dendrites?: Carry impulses to the neuron cell body.
138. The receptors of taste and smell are examples of?: Chemoreceptors
50. The fallopian tubes would contain which type of epithelium?: Precilliated prestratified columnar epithelium.
76. Which part of the brain lies within the sella turcia?: Pituitary Gland
39. Dehydrocholesterol is converted into vitamin D by?: UV light
56. What does DNA code for anyway?: Protein
48. The neuron cell body is known as the?: Soma or parikeum
135. A convolution seen on the surface of the brain is known as?: Grooves or folds
15. Sometimes atoms of the same element have different atomic weights. This is referred to as?: Isotopes
75. The cheek bones are called?: Zygomatic bones
21. If you have the following DNA what is its complimentary sequence of mRNA? CTAGTAAG: GAUCAUUC
114. Which antibodies are bound directly to the mast cell?: IgE
44. The region/area of the epidermis where active cellular division is occurring is known as the?: Stratum Germinativum
68. Which is the largest bone of the lower leg?: Tibia
42. What type of muscle tissue contain intercalated discs?: Cardiac muscle
69. Transverse foramina are only found in which vertebrae?: Cervical Vertebrae
14. Carbon has an atomic weight of 12. In addition it has 6 protons. With this in mind, what is true?: 6 protons, and 6 electrons.
98. What are tissue phagocytes?: Macrophages
7. Which element makes up most of the human body?: H2O which is water
140. Which structures contains the visual receptor cells?: Retina
1. The neucleus of an atom is composed of?: Protons & Neutrons
60. The medullary cavity is lined with a membrane called the?: Endosteum
25. The outermost layer of the skin is composed of?: Stratified squamous
104. Which antibody is second one made after the immune system makes an immune response?: IgG
What is the function of the Mitochondria?: releases energy from glucose molecules to form ATP
109. Both FSH & LH are hormones which act on which glands?: SEX organs
9. The atomic number is the same number of ______ contained within the atom?: Protons
134. The centers for controlling vomiting, sneezing, coughing and swallowing are found in which part of the brain?: Medulla
27. Stratified squamous epithelium is found?: In the anal canal, vagina, throat, and outer skin.
129. Which neuroglial cells phagocytize foreign material such as bacteria in the nervous system?: Microalgia
2. Carbon forms how many bonds?: 4 bonds
99. Which white blood cells are increased in allergic reactions, or in asthma that is caused from allergies?: Eosynophils
29. What type of muscle is involuntary and contains striations?: Cardiac
141. Which structure contains the sensory hairs involved in dynamic equilibrium?: Ampulla
40. What types of cartilage is found in the larynx?: Elastic Cartilage

Paired-Arytonoid, cuneiform, corniculate
Unpaired-Thyroid, Cricoid, Epiglottis
85. The segment of a myofibril that extends from Z-line to Z-line is called?: Sarcomere
34. Which accessory cell is usually associated with columnar cells?: Goblet Cells
62. Most bones develop from endochondrial bone. This involves the replacement of which type of cartilage?: Hyaline
10. The element nitrogen can form how many bonds?: 3 bonds
56. Which is not found in ribosonal RNA?: Thymine
3. Lysosomes are most numerous in what cells?: Phagocytes, neutrophils, and macrophages
95. The primary (not the only) function of hemoglobin is to?: Transport oxygen molecules to the tissue.
41. What types of cartilage makes up the discs found between vertebrae?: Intervertebral discs made of fibrocartilage.
136. As a person moves from a higher altitude to a lower one, what is true about the tympanic membrane?: It if forces inward toward the middle ear.
26. What best describes ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium?: Found in the lining of the sinuses, single layer of cells with the neucli of each cell appearing at a different level.
133. Cerebrospinal fluid is found in which of the areas/structures?: In the spinal cord, emptied into capillaries in the subarachnoid space.
20. RNA contains all but which of the nucleotides?: Thymine
139. The circular opening in the center of the Iris is called?: Pupil
8. _______are extremely small subatomic particles and have almost no weight and carry a negative electrical charge?: Electrons
111. Which hormones will be released from the pituitary gland when the hypothalamus secretes GnRH?: FSH & LH (Prolactin)
12. What is the function of visceral and parietal serous membranes?: Allows for frictionless movement.
120. Efferent neurons are called?: Motor Neurons
11. What is contained within the mediastinum?: trachea, esophagus, thymus gland, thyroid gland and the parathyroid gland.
105. Which is responsible for clotting of blood that comes in contact with a foreign substance?: Hagmans factor
22. How many naturally occurring elements are known to exist in our universe?: 92
123. For a short period following a nerve impulse the threshold stimulus will not trigger an impulse unless the stimulus is strong this is?: Relative refractory period
5. Mitosis occurs in?: neuclous and when the cytoplasm devides
155. After fertilization, the zygote after a few days of development will become a hollow ball of cells known as?: Blastocyte
45. Which sensory receptors respond to light touch?: Mesner's corpuscles
89. What is the neurotransmitter found at the motor-end plate of Skeletal muscle?: Acetylcholine
16. What is the following is not true concerning enzymes?: They are usually waste products of cellular metabolism.
125. Where are neurotransmitters normally stored?: At the end of axons in vescules.
32. Which antibody is found attached to the surface of certain lympocytes?: IgD
78. Red bone marrow is closely associated with what type of bone?: Spongy bone
46. Which regions of the brain is most responsible for the maintenance of normal body temp?: Hypothalamus
158. A ______ is a convoluted sac-like structure about 5cm long that is attached to the vas deferens near the base of the urinary bladder.: Seminol Vesicule
28. Glands that secrete their products into blood are known as?: Endocrine
100. Monocytes are the largest of the blood cells. What are they?: Immature macrophages
18. What is a waste product of cellular respiration?: Carbon dioxide
130. Lobes of the cerebrum include?: Frontal, pridal, temporal, occipital
19. Oxygen plays a part in the Kreb's cycle at the very last step what does it do?: it is the final electron acceptor and hydrogen proton acceptor forming water.
93. When a muscle cell is repolarizing, what is occuring?: Relaxing
17. What is the molecule/chemical that actually enters the mitochondria and begins the Kreb's cycle?: Pyruvic acid
146. Which of the photoreceptors is sensitive to light and dark?: Rods
47. Where would simple squamous be found?: Avili of the lungs and endothelial of capillaries.
71. The radial notch is found on which bone?: Ulna
54. Where is tRNA normally found?: In the Cytoplasim.
81. The sternum is made up of three bones, the very bottom one is called the?: Xiphoid process
32. What are the four major types of tissue?: Epithelial, connective, nerve, and muscle.
160. The fluid conveyed by the urethra to the outside during ejaculation is called?: Semon
13. What lines the chest wall?: Pariteal pleura
66. Which bone is the collar bone?: Clavical
43. Which of the proteins is responsible for waterproofing the skin?: Keriatin
96. Red blood cells live about how long?: 120 days
64. How many pairs of ribs are there?: 12
126. Whic statement is true concerning the autonomic nervous system?: Involuntary, part of the PNS, has sympathetic and parasympothetic branches.
67. The first cervical vertebrae is known as the?: Atlas
108. ACTH exerts its action on which gland?: Adrenal cortex
103. Which are the main circulating plasma proteins?: Albumins, Glogulin, fibrogen
144. Which portion of the retina produces the sharpest vision?: Fovea centralis
124. TRUE or FALSE? Saltatory nerve impulse conduction is seen in the peripheral nervous system?: TRUE
102. Which white blood cells are the Commanding General and pretty much controls actions of other white blood cells?: T-Helper cells
147. A developing human organism is first considered an embryo at what age of development?: 8 weeks
148. What is the primary cause of menopause?: Results from aging of ovaries.
113. If you take your child to the Dr and he has a runny nose, itchy eyes, and a low-grade fever what does he have?: Allergies
149. The average human pregnancy is how many weeks?: 40 weeks
150. During prenatal care, the expecting mother's blood is tested for what hormone to determine pregnancy?: HCG
118. Myelinated nerve tissue appears?: White
106. Which of the protein splitting enzymes that digests fibrin threads and other proteins associated with a blood clot?: Plasmin
152. What are the external accessory organs of a female?: Libia major & minor, clitoris
128. Which forms the deep bridge of nerve fibers connecting the cerebral hemispheres?: Corpus Collisum
1. The neucleus of an atom is composed of?: a. Protons and Neutrons

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