Pharmacology & Nursing Process
Terms
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- Metabolite
- A chemical form of a drug that is the product of one or more biochemical, metabolic reactions involving a parent drug.
- Onset of action
- The time it takes for the drug to elicit a therapeutic response.
- Parent drug
- The chemical form of a drug that is administered to the body before it is metabolized by the body's biochemical reactions into its active or inactive metabolites.
- Peak effect
- The time it takes for a drug to reach its maximum therapeutic response in the body.
- pharmaceutics
- The science of dosage form design (eg tablets, capsules, injections, patches, etc)
- Pahrmacodynamics
- The study of the boichemical an physiologic interactions of drugs. It examines the physiologic interactions of drugs. It examines the physicochemical properties of drugs and their pharamcologic interactions with suitable body receptors.
- Pharmacogenetics
- The study of genetic factors and their influence on drug repsonse. Investigates the nature of genetic aberrations that result in the absence, overabundance, or insufficiency of drug-metabolizing enzymes.
- Pharmocognosy
- The study of drugs that are obtained from natural palnt and animal sources.
- Pharmacokinetics
- study of drug distribtuion rates between various body compartments after a drug has entered the body. Includes absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excreation.
- Pharmacology
- Study or science of drugs
- Pharmacotherapeutics
- treatment of pathologic conditions through the use of drugs. 2 kinds empirical and rational
- Prodrug
- An inactive drug dosage from that is converted to an active metabolite by various biochemical reactions in the body. Usually more readily absorbable than its active metabolite
- Receptor
- A molecule structure within or on the outer surface of cells. Characterized by the binding of specific substances and one or more corresponding cellular effects.
- Side effect
- Any undesireable effect of a medication that is expected or anticipated to occur in a predicatble percentage of clients who recieve a given medication.
- Steady state
- The physiologic state in which the amount of drug removed via elimination is equal to the amount of drug absorbed with each dose.
- Substrate
- substance on which an enzyme acts
- synergistic effect
- drug interaction that results from combined drug effects that are greater than those that could have been achieved if the drugs were given alone.
- Syrup of Ipecac
- used to induce vomiting
- Therapeutic effect
- desired or intended effect of a particular medication
- Theraeutic index
- difference between the minimum therapeutic and toxic concentrations of a drug.
- Toxic
- The state of being poisonous
- Toxicology
- Study of poisoins.
- Trade name
- final name given to a drug: also called proprietary name.
- Polypharmacy
- The use of many different drugs.
- Blinded investigational drug study
- research method which the subject taking the drug under study is purposely unaware of a key element in the study
- Canadian Food and drugs Act
- amended many times since its inception in 1953, this act is the main piece of drug legislation in Canada
- Canadian Narcotic control act
- addresses the posession sale manufacture, etc of drugs
- Controlled substance act 1970
- promotes research on drug abuse, prevention of and treatment for
- drug polymorphism
- variation in response to a drug because of a patient's age, gender, size and body composition
- Durham Humphrey amendment of 1951
- amendment to FDA regulates between OTC's and RX's
- Expeditied drug approval
- hasting of the usual IND approval process by USFDA and pharmaceutical companies in response to pubilc health threat.
- Federal Food and Drug Act 1906
- 1st fed law that attempted to protect the public from dangerous, adulterated, and mislabeled products.
- Federal food drug and cosmetics act 1938
- required drug makers to apply for an IND exemption for safety review before marketing new drugs
- Harrison Narcotic act 1914
- Established term narcotic
- informed consent
- permission obtained from a client consenting to the performance of a specific test or procudure.
- Investigational new drug IND
- drug not approved for marketing by the FDA but available for use in experiments to determine its safety
- Kefauver Harris amendment of 1961
- required drugs to be proved both safe & effective before being granted an approved status.
- Legend drugs
- another name for RX
- New drug application NDA
- once a drug successfully completes the first three phases of an IND study, the drug manufacturer may submit a new drug application
- Orphan drug act 1983
- aid in the development of drugs for the treatment of "rare" disease.
- Orphan drugs
- distinct, special category of drugs that have been identified to help clients with rare diseases
- Sherley Amendment 1912
- prohibited the labeling of medicines with false therapeutic claims intending to defraud the consumer.
- nonmaleficence
- the duty to do no harm to a client.
- veracity
- duty to tell the truth
- autonomy
- ability to act on one's own
- beneficence
- the doing or active promotion of good
- adverse drug event
- injury caused by a medication or failure to administer an intended medication.
- latrogenic hazard
- any potential or actual patient harm that is caused by errant actions of health care staff members
- idiosynctratic reaction
- abnormal and unexpected suscetibility to a medication, other than an allergic reaction that is peculiar to an individual patient.
- medication error ME
- preventable inappropriate medication error.
- medication misadventrue MM
- broadest term for any undesirable medication related event that was caused by health care workers.
- Amphetamines
- Durgs that stimulate the central nervous systems
- Enuresis
- Urinary Incotinence
- Illicit Drug Use
- use of a drug or substance that is not intended to be used in the manner in which it is being used. not legally proved for human consumption.
- Micturition
- Urination, the desire to urinate, or the frequency
- Narcotic
- any agent that produces insensibility or stupor. applies mostly to opiods.
- Opioid analgesics
- synthetic pain reliving substance that originated from the opium plant.
- physical dependance
- condition characterized by physiological reliance on a substance.
- Psycoactive properties
- mood, anxiety, behavior,cognitive processes, and mental tension.
- Psychologic dependence
- a condition characterized by behaviors releated to obtaining and using a substance.
- Raves
- Increasingly popular all night parties that typically involve dancing drinking and the use of various illicit drugs
- Roofies
- Pills that are classified as benzodiazepines. they have recently gained popularity as a recreational drug. chemically known as flunitrazepam