Health Midterm
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- structure
- an anatomical obect that provides form and shape
- function
- job/purpose
-
superior view
lateral view
medial
anterior
posterior
proximal
distal -
above
below
to the side
towards center of body
from front
back
close
distant - epiphysis
- endpoints of long bone
- diaphysis
- middle section (between epiphysis) of long bone
- periosteum
- sheath surrounding the insides of the long bone; life support proving blood for bone cells
- compact bone
- dense bone found in the diaphysis
-
hinge joint
ball and socket
gliding
saddle -
elbow/knee
shoulder/hit
wrist? - axial skeleton
- central portion of body including the spine and ribs
- appendicular skeleton
- skeleton including the arms and shoulder
- cartilage
- articular cartilage is the only evidence remaining of bone devlopment
- smooth muscle
- organs: liver
- cardiac muscle
- heart
- skeletal muscle
- muscle that allows voluntary movements by moving the bones
- contraction
- the shortening and thickening of functioning muscle or muscle fiber
- tendon
- soft tissues that anchor mucles to bones
- ligament
- strong, fibrous tissue which attaches one bone to another
- nutrients
- elements in foods that are required for the energy, growth, and repair of tissues and regulation of body processes
- calories
- units of heat (energy); specifically, one calorie equals he amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 deg. Celsius
- carbohydrates
- chemica coumpounds composed of sugar units; the body's primary source of energy
- satiety
- the food's ability to cause a feeling of fullness
- Saturated fats
- fats that promote cholesterol formtaion; they are in solid form at room temperature; primarily animal fats
- cholesterol
- a primary form of fat found in blood; lipid material manufactered within the body and derived from dietary sources
- proteins
- compounds composed of chians of amino acids; the primary components of muscle and connective tissue
- amino acids
- chief componentns of protein; can be manufactured by body or obtained from dietary sources
- vitamins
- organic compounds hat facilitate the action of enzymes
- minerals
- trace elements present in very small amounts in the body; micronutrient elements like oron, copper, or salts
- water
-
the forgotten nutrient;
dehydration can be fatal w/o - caloric balance
- caloric intake greater than caloric expenditure
- body image
- our subjective perception of how our body appears
- overweight
- condition where a person's excess fat accumulation results in body weight that exceeds desirable weight (by height/weight charts) by 1% - 19%
- obesity
- condittion where person's excess fat accumulation results in body weight that excees desirable weight (by height/weight charts) by 20% or more
- body mass index (BMI)
- a mathematical calculation based on weight and height; used to determine desirable body weight
- basal metabolic rate (BMR)
- the amount of energy, expressed in calories, that hte body requires to maintain basic functions
- thermic effect of food (TEF)
- amount of energy our bodies require for the digestion, absorption, and transportation of food
- anorexia nervosa
- an eating disorder in which the individual weighs less than 85% of their expected weight for his/her age, gender and heigh. has intense fear of gaining weight; (females' menstruation ceases for at least 3 consecutive months) perceive themselves as overweight, even when underweight
- bulimia nervosa
- an eating disorder in which individuals engage in episodes of bingeing, consuming unusually large amounts of food and feeling out of control, and engaging in some compenensatory purging behavior to eliminate food
- set point theory
- genetically programmed range of body weight beyond which a person finds it difficult to gain or lose additional weight
- fiber
- chinas of carbohydrates that are indigestible by human digestive tract
- stress
- the physiological and psychological state of disruption caused by the presence of an unanticipated, disruptive, or stimulating event
- general adaptation syndrom (GAS)
- sequenced physiological responses to the the presence of a stressor, involving the alarm, resistance, and exhaustion stages of the stress response
- distress
- stress that diminishes quality of life; commonly associated with disease and illness
- eustress
- stress that enhances the quality of life
- stress response
- the phys. and psych. responses to positive or negative events that are disruptive, unexpected, or stimulating
- fight or flight response
- phs. response to a stressor that prepares the body for confrontation or avoidance
- chronic stress
- refers to remaining at high level of phs. arousal for an extended period of time; can also occur when an individual is not able to immediately react to a real or perceived threat
- alarm stage (1)
- 1st stage of stress response involving phs. involuntary changes whcih are controlled by the hormonal and nervous system; fight or flight response is activated
- resistance stage
- 2nd stage where th e body attempts to reestablish its equilibrium or internal balance
- exhaustion stage
- third stage and the point where the phys and psyc resources used to deal with stress has been depleted
- stressors
- facrots/events, real/imaged, that elecit a state of stress
- deep breathing
- relaxes muscles
- progessive muscle relaxation (PMR)
- learning to recognize difference between contracted and relaxed muscles, in order to gain sense of control over body and stress response
- guided imagery
- involves having someone describe scene while focusing on taking deep comfortable breaths.
- acute stress
- severe stress
- episodic stress
- stress that comes in short periods of time