CDIS 123 Final
Terms
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- What is a cleft?
- an opening of structres normally closed.
- Where can a celft occur on the face?
- There are Clefts of the Lip, and Palate.
- When are the critical times of the face in order of normal development?
- weeks 4-12 for the face, and 8-12 weeks for palate
- What is the Maxillae?
- A Pair of large facial bones that form the hard palate and upper jaw.
- What is the Alveolar process?
- This is the outer edge of the mazillary bones.
- What is the function of the hard palate?
- To seperate the oral and nasal cavatives.
- What is the function of the soft palate?
- to open and close a port between the nose and the mouth.
- What is the average incidence for a cleft to occur?
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1 in 750 births
*25% have cleft lip only
*25% have cleft palate only
*50% have clefts of both. - What are the 3 main causes of a cleft?
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1) Genetic
2) Chromosomal
3) Teratogenic - What is ment by Teratogenic causes?
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*drugs
*substance abuse
*Radiation
*maternal infections or diseases - What are the three clinical classifications of clefts?
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Laterality: Unilateral(one side) Bilateral(both sides)
Severity: Complete or Incomplete
Structre(s):Lip and/or Palate - Who are the important people in making a diagnosis for Clefts?
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*Parents
*The Surgeon
*SLP
*Orthodontist
*Dentist
*Social Workers - What does the cleft lip do to effect your speech?
- It actually isn't to much trouble
- What is the effect of a cleft palate on speech?
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*resonance changes
*articulatory changes
~weak consonants
~nasal emission
~articulators need to compensate
*Voice can sound horse - How doe s a cleft effect Language?
- Generally there is a expressive language delay, but also they are susceptable to receptive delays.
- Why can language be effected due to a cleft?
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*hearing problems
*less language stimulation at an early age
*direct relationships to the medical condition - Other issues that effect cleft patients?
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*Psycho-social issues
~scarring
~different face apperence
*Higher incidence of LD/BD
*Missed school days
*May have feeding issues - What is the treatment for a cleft?
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*Surgery
~Lip surgery at 3-4 months of age
~Palate Surgery:
*usually at 12 months, if speech problems persist a second one is done a 5-6 years of age.
*SLP Therapy
*Prosthetics - What is the prevelence of Aphasia in America?
- 1 million people have it. Most common and prevelant adult language disorder.
- What is the most frequent casue of Aphasia?
- Strokes
- Name the three types of strokes associated with Aphasia.
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1) Thrombotic
2) Embolic
3) Hemorrhagic - What is a Thrombotic Stroke?
- A build up of plaque that blocks an artery
- What is an Embolic Stroke?
- A blood clot forms somewhere in the body, breaks off, and is carried to an artery in the brain. It then lodges and blocks the blood supply.
- What is a Hemorrhagic Stroke?
- A weakended arterial wall bursts and flood flows freely into the brain tissue causeing increased sweeling and pressure in the brian.
- Besides strokes what are other causes of Aphasia?
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Head Injury
Tumor - What is Wernicke's Aphasia?
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*Speech is well articulated, but it lacks content.
*Poor auditory comprehension
*the Lesion is in the posterioe cortex. - What is Broca's Aphasia?
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*Speech is slow and labored=poor verbal expression.
*Good comprehension
*Omiision of grammatical forms
*Wriiting is impaired
*Lesion is in the anterior cortex. - How does one evaluate Aphasia?
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*Auditory Comprehension
*Reading Comprehension
*Conversation fluency
*Naming Ability
*Repition
*Written Expression - What is dysarthria?
- A group of speech disorders caused by paralysis, weakness, or incoordination of the speech muscles.
- What is the main focus of Aphasia Therapy?
- the main thing of the therapy is to build bridges from the thigns a pateint can do to those that he or she cnanot do
- What are causes of Dysarthria?
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*Strokes (same three as aphasia)
*Head Injury
~Closed Head (no skull)
~Piercing (goes through the skull)
*Dieases
~Parkinsons, MS, ALS
*Toxic/Metabolic
~Heavy Metals
~Drugs - What is the Evaluation of Dysarthria include?
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*Medical chart/history review
*Interview with patient and/or family
*Oral motor examination
*Production of word lists
*Intelligibility evaluation
~Speech, Readin, and Conversation
*Naturalness of Speech
THE HAPPENS OVER SEVERAL DAYS!!!! - What are some treatments of Dysarthria?
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*Sugical Intervention
~Brain Stimulator, minimalize seizure activity.
*Medical/Pharmacetical - What is the reasons behind Speech Therapy in Dysarthria?
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*Drecreasing speech rate
*Relaxation Exercises
*Over-articulating speech sounds
*Increase respiratory support by improving posture and muscle strength
*Augmentative and alternatice communication - What is Apraxia?
- Impairment in planning, coordination, and timed execution of movement patterns for speech.
- What is the primary cause of Apraxia?
- Strokes
- What is wrong with Speech in Apraxia?
- They tend to make error of articulation, recognize the errors, and make repeated attemts to correct the error; but each attemt may result in a different type of error.
- What is treatment for Apraxia like?
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*Sequenced production of speech sounds
*Oral Motor exercises: non-speech movements of the tounge and lips
*Alternative and Augmentative Communication - What is a Laryngectomy?
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*Surgical Removal of the larynx-all the muscle, cartilage, and tissue.
~Included the Vocal Folds
~The person has NO voice left
*Turn the trachea out to the front of the neck
*Reconstruct the inside of throat for swallowing - What is the Incidence, and Prevelence of Laryngeal Cancer?
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3-5% of human cancer
About 13,000 Cases known - What are the common etiologies of people with laryngeal cancer?
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*smoking
*alcohol consumption
*chemical exposure
*Diet
*Genetics - What are signs and syptoms of Laryngeal Cancer?
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*Persistent Hoarseness
*Trouble Breathing (Dyspnea)
*Stridor (Trouble when you breath)
*Pain
*Persistent coughing
*Hemoptysis (coughing up blood)
*Swelling and/or tenderness in the neck - What are the three types of communication options after a laryngectomy?
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1) Artifical Larynx
2) Esophageal Speech
3) Tracheoesophageal Speech - What is an Artifical Larynx?
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*Medical Device
*Hold it to the neck or cheek - What is Esophageal Speech?
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*Take air into esophagus
*return it up
*this vibrates the top of the esophagus
(Like burping on conmand) - What is Tracheoesophageal Speech?
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*Small prosthesis alloes air from trachea to esophagus
*Vibrates the esophagus - What is Dysphagia?
- a swallowing disorder characterized by difficulty in oral preparation for the swalloe or the movement of material from the mouth to the stomach
- What can cause dysphagia?
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*Central neurological problems
*Peripheral Neurological problems
*anatomical/structural problems
*behavioral problems (RARE)
*pysochological problems (rare) - What can go wrong during a swallow?
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*Can have problems in any stage
*Examples:
~Drooling
~Food pocketing in cheek
~Food/liquid spilling to throat to early.
~Food/Liquid sticking tothe throat
~Choke/cough - Name Stage One of the Swallowing process and explain it.
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ORAL PREPARTORY PHASE
*Lip closure
*Facial tone
*chewing ability
~rotary jaw motion
~rotary, lateral tounge motion
*Soft Palate down, resting on back of tounge
*Tounge gathers food and liquid when ready to swallow and holds in in the front of the mouth - Name Stage 2 of the swallowing process and explain it.
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ORAL TRANSIT
*1 sec or less to move material from front of mouth to the throat
*should leave the mouth and tounge with no residue
*ends the oral phase