World History Final Review
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- Cardinal Richelieu
- chief minister to Louis XIII who ran the government of France from 1624-1642. He created the system o government by which France was governed until the French Revolution.
- Louis XIV
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"Sun King" Built Versailles. Believed in the divine right of kings (I am the state)
Absolute power in France - Hobbes
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English philosopher who who was disturbed by the choas the civil war created.
Set forth his political philosophy in Leviathan.
People first lived in anarchy and needed king to survive. - Locke
- English philosopher who adopted many of Hobbes' ideas but interpreted them differently. Supported parliament. Wrote Two treaties on Civil Government. Beleived in natural rights after anarchy. Many people branched off what he said.
- Montesquie
- French Philosopher who wrote Spirit of teh Laws. English had the most nearly perfect government. Three brnches of govt is good w/ checks and balances.
- Rousseau
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civilization had corrupted people. History repeats itself in cycles of decay (Egypt, Greece, Rome)
Wrote The Social Contract. People are born good but education, law, and environment corrupts them. Popular sovereignty is good. This idea had enormous influence. - Voltaire
- French writer commented on british political system in Letters on Engliand which helped polularize english ideas in france. Rallied.
- Lous XVI
- Husband of Mary Antoinette. anted to save France from debt by taxing first two estates. Beheaded by the National Convention during the French revolution.
- Marat
- A doctor from Paris who ledthe Jacobins. His newspapers kept radical ideas alive with the french duri gnthe revolution. Stabbed to death in bathtub
- Danton
- Amoung the most powerful Jacobins. Took part in regin of TerrorInspired people to protest snd de,onstrate durign the French Revolution.
- Metternich
- Chief Minister of austria. Chief architect of the policies drawn up by the congress of vienna. Believed strongly in absolute monarchy. liberalism is horrible. aimed to prevent war and preserve absolutism.
- Robespierre
- Legal genious of the french revolution who controlled the Reign of Terror. wwas guillotined and twas over.
- Ricardo
- English buisiness man. elected to house ofcommons. Working class poverty was inevitable. Wrote Principles of Political Economy and taxation.Supply and deman dtermined wages.
- Smith
- Wrote The Wealth of Nations. Two laws: of supply and demand and of law of cmpetion. free enterprise.
- Malthus
- Wrote An Essay On The Principle of Population. population increases present the greatest obstacle to human progress. famines, epidemics, wars. misery and poverty is inevitable.
- Bentham
- Stongly believed that every act ofa society should be judged in terms of its utility, or usefullness. known as utilitarianism. people needed education. happiness is yummy.
- Mill
- philosopher. believes in laissez-faire but criticized economic inustices and inequalities of british society. govt should protect working children and improve housign nd factory conditions. govt shoudl work for well beign of all citizens. all people of certain ange plus women should be able to vote. individual liberty is basic human right. govt should gurantee liberty.
- Marx
- all great changes in history came from changes in economic conditions. stages of human history thing (see notes)
- Cavour
- governed sardinia. dislikek absolutism and admitted the British system of parliamentary govt. reorganized and strenghtened sardinian army. estsblished banks, railroads. increased trade. reduce political influence of church.
- Mazzini
- wanted united italy.
- Garibaldi
- recruited red shirts.
- Victor Emmanuel
- symathized with liberal aims. elected king of sardinia "by grace of god and the will of the nation"
- Bismark
- head of prussian govt. Decided that war with francais would help to chieve german unification. made clever maneuvers.
- Wilson
- president of us