FIRST AID
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- What Army manual covers first aid for soldiers?
- FM 21-11
- What is first aid?
- It's the first care given to injured soldiers before medical personnel are available
- What are the four life saving steps?
-
1. Clear the airway and restore breathing
2. Stop the bleeding
3. Treat and dress the wounds to prevent infection.
4. Prevent shock. - What are the three types of bleeding and how are they recognized?
-
Arterial-blood is bright red and spurts with the heartbeat.
Venous- Blood is dark red and flows in a steady stream.
Capillary- Blood oozes from the wound. - How do you stop bleeding?
-
Apply a field dressing.
Apply manual pressure.
Elevate the injured limb.
Apply a pressure dressing.
Apply a tourniquet. - Whose first aid dressing should be used on the casualty?
- The casualty's bandage.
- When shoud a tourniquet be used to stop bleeding?
- As a last resort when everything else has failed to stop the bleeding, or when an arm or leg has been cut off.
- What are the four types of burns?
- Electrical, thermal, chemical, and laser.
- What is the single most common cause of airway blockage?
- The tounge.
- Where is a tourniquet applied?
- Around the limb, between the wound and the heart. Placed 2-4in above the wound but never directly on a joint.
- How tight should the tourniquet be?
- Tight enough to stop the bright red bleeding.
- What should be done to indicate a casualty has a tourniquet?
- Mark the casualty's forehead with a "T" and note the time of application.
- When should you remove a tourniquet?
- Never.
- Define manual pressure:
- Firm pressure on the dressing for 5-10 minutes.
- What is HIV?
- Human Immunovirus.
- What should be applied if a bleeding continues after applying a field dressing?
- Apply manual pressure then a pressure dressing.
- What are the two types of artificial respiration?
- Mouth to mouth, and the back pressure arm lift method.
- Should a causalty be given water to drink?
- A casualty should not eat or drink.
- What are signs of shock?
- Cool, pale and damp skin; confusion; nausea or vomiting; restlessness or nervousness; loss of blood; thirst; fast breathing; fainting spells; excessive perspiration; blotched or bluish skin-especially around the mouth.
- When should a casualty not be placed in the shock position?
- When there is a head injury, abdominal wound, or unsplinted fractured leg.
- What is th treatment for shock?
- Move to cover is possible; lay casualty on their back; elevate the legs; loosen clothing; prevent chilling or overheating; keep the casualty calm.
- what is the measure of checking the tightness of bandages?
- Two fingers should slip under the bandage.
- What items should never be used for a tourniquet?
- Wire or string
- What procedure is used to restore heartbeat?
- Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
- When it becomes neccessary to give CPR what is the ratio of pumps to breaths for one-man rescue and two-man rescue?
-
One-man 15 pumps/2 breaths
two-man 5 pumps/1 breath - When may resuscitation measures be stopped?
-
When a doctor tells you to stop
When you are relieved by others
When you can't physically continue
When the casualty starts breathing on her own. - What is the correct method of artificial respiration used during a NBC attack and why?
- The back pressure army lift method because during a NBC attack both of you will be masked.
- When is a casualty's clothing not removed in order to expose a wound?
- When in a NBC environment, or when the clothing is stuck to the wound.
- What is unique about type "O" blood?
- It is the universal donor. Everyone can use it.
- Why should wounds be treated as soon as possible?
- To control bleeding and protect the wound from contamination by germs.
- What is a heat injury?
- General deydration of the body brought on by loss of water and salt through activity in the heat.
- What are the three categories of heat injuries?
- Heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke.
- Describe the signs of heat cramps:
- Muscle cramps of the legs, arms or abdomen, excessive sweating.
- Describe the treatment for heat cramps?
- Move the casualty into shade, loosen clothing and give cool water.
- Name the signs of heat exhaustion/
- Pale, moist and cool, clammy skin; headache, muscle cramps, excessive sweating, weakness, nausea, dizziness, cramps, urge to defecate, chills, rapid breathing, confusion, tingling in the hands or feet.
- How shoud heat exhaustion be treated?
- move the casualty to a cool, shaded area, loosen any tight fitting clothing, have him drink a canteen of cool water, elevate the legs and monitor.
- Describe signs and symptoms of heat stroke?
- The person stops sweating, skin is dry and hot, pulse is fast, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting and mental confusion, weakness, seizures.
- How should heat stroke be treated?
- Immerse the casualty in the coldest water available and remove clothing and wet entire body while fanning, transport to the nearest medical facility.
- What are the two most common types of fractures?
- Open (compound), closed (simple)
- What is an open fracture?
- A broken bone that breakes through the skin.
- What should be done first for an open fracture?
- Stop the bleeding.
- What are the signs and symptoms of fractures?
- Pain at the site, discoloration and deformity.
- Why is a fracture immobillized?
- To prevent the sharp edges of the bone from moving and cutting tissue, muscle, blood vessels and verves. Doing thsi reduces pain and helps prevent and control shock.
- What is shock and why is it dangerous?
- Shock is inadequate blood flow t the vital organs and tissues. if shock is uncorrected it may result in death even though the injury or conditions causing shock appear to be less than fatal.
- What is the basic proven principle in splinting fractures?
- Splint them where they lie.
- What does the key word "COLD" mean in cold weather protection?
-
C- keeping CLEAN
O- avoid OVERHEATING
L- wear LOOSE clothing in layers
D- keeping it DRY - Name five types of cold and wet weather injuries?
-
Frostbite: actual freezing of a part of the body.
Hypothermia: lowering of the body temperature.
Immersion foot/trench foot: occurs between 32 and 50 degrees.
Chilblain: mild form of frostbite.
Snow blindess: pain in and around the eyes. - Describe the signs and symptoms of frostbite?
-
Loss of sensation or numb feeling in any part of the body.
Sudden whitening of the skin in the affected area, followed by a momentary tingling feeling.
Redness of skin in light skinned soldiers; grayish coloring in dark skinned soldiers.
Blisters.