World Cultures Top 100
Terms
- Anybody for buys and sells goods for a living
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Merchant
- Belief in only one God
- Monotheism
- Belief in many Gods
- Polytheism
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Study of location, places, human environmental
interaction, movement and reason - Geography
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Values, traditions, habits and skills a group of people share
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Culture
- Group of people who live and work together
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Society
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People’s practical and applied arts and sciences by which they make the things they need and want.
- Technology
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People who dig up and unlock the mysteries of the past
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Archaeologists
- Skilled craftsman
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Artisan
- The adoption of one people of the ways of another
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Cultural borrowing
- Study of how people earn a living
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Economics
- Study of power and government
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Politics
- The world’s earliest civilization
- Sumer
- This is the Euphrates River are where Mesopotamian civilizations began.
- Tigris & Euphrates River
- Mesopotamian wedge-shaped writing
- Cuneiform
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Where the Assyrian and Babylonian empires were located
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Fertile Crescent
- Massive stepped brick temples of ancient Mesopotamia
- Ziggurants
- Great lawgiver of old Babylonian empire
- Hammurabi
- Makes life in Egypt possible
- Nile River
- Process that dried and preserved the bodies of the dead in preparation for the after life
- Mummification
- Absolute rules of ancient Egypt who were worshipped as Gods
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Pharaohs
- Ancient Egyptian pictographic writing
- Hieroglyphics
- Massive monuments that were raised to honor and protect early Egyptian rulers forever
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Pyramids
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Old Testament of the bible talks about the story of this culture.
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Hebrews
- A Jewish prophet Moses and Kings David & Solomon are among the most ancient heroes of this country.
- Israel
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These sailors, shipbuilders, purple dyers and founders of Carthage were the greatest traders in the Ancient Mediterranean Sea
- Phoenicians
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This Greek word for dictators today means rules who abuse the rights and liberties of their people
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Tyrants
- Ancient Iranian empire that once ruled the entire Middle East
- Persia
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Ancient Greek polis that trained the toughest and most fanatical soldiers
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Sparta
- Socrates, Plato and Aristotle contributed to this field
- Philosophy
- Type of government by a few aristocrats
- Oligarchy
- Earliest sea-faring Greeks of Crete
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Minoans
- Type of government by the people
- Democracy
- Type of government by Kings and Queens
- Monarchy
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The rugged landscape of Greece contributed to the development of these small separate countries
- City-State
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His soldiers spread Greek ways as far as Egypt and India During the Hellenistic times &n
- Alexander
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Ancient Greek polis that had the greatest sculptors, architects and fleets of rams.
- Athens
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Comic and tragic entertainments began as festivals in honor of Dionysus
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Stage Plays
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Archimedes, Pythagoras, and Ptolemy contributed to these fields
- Mathematics & Astronomy
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Beautifully proportioned temple on Acropolis which is considered one of history’s most nearly perfect buildings
- Parthenon
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Athletic tournaments that began as festivals in honor of Zeus
- Olympics
- Material the Romans invented and used in their buildings
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Concrete
- Poorer working class Romans
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Plebeians
- Wealthy, upper class Romans
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Patricians
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Time when Rome’s legions kept peace throughout the providences
- Pax Romana
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Collections of conquered foreign states or countries ruled by a single person.
- Empire
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Ancient Italian civilization that greatly influenced the early development of Roman ways
- Etruscans
- The first organized written body or code of Roman Law
- Twelve Tables
- Latin word for representative democracy
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Republic
- Took over the powers of the senate and made himself the first emperor
- Octavian
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Dictator whom Senators murdered to keep him from making himself King and Cleopatra Queen
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Julius Caesar
- High taxes, inflation, corrupt emperors
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Decline of Roman Empire
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Apostles like Peter and Paul spread the message of mercy and hope based on his death and resurrection.
- Jesus Christ
- Tribes like Vandals and Goths, who invaded and sacked Rome
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Germans
- Harassment, injury and even murder of hated minorities
- Persecution
- Became capital of the Eastern Roman Empire
- Constantinople
- Religion that exploded out of Arabia and quickly spread elsewhere
- Islam
- Romans who kept classical ways alive in East for nearly 1,000 years after the fall of the West
- Byzantines
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Site of shrine and hometown of the Prophet, where Muslims make pilgrimage to each year.
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Mecca (Makkah)
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His Frankish empire was the most civilized society in Western Europe during this time
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Charlemagne
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The Arab merchant turned Prophet known as the messenger of Allah
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Muhammad
- Epidemic that killed one out of every three Europeans
- Bubonic Plague
- Code of rules of behavior medieval knights were expected to follow
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Chivalry
- Caste system of clergy, nobles, commons and peasants that gave order to life during this time.
- Feudalism
- Dominated life in Western Europe during the Medieval Period
- Roman Catholic
- Craftsman’s unions
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Guilds
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French teenager during he Hundred Year’s War who was buried by the English for witchcraft
- Joan of Arc
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Churchmen and nobles tied to each other by oaths of loyalty and duties of service and protection
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Lords and Vassals
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Document that nobles forced King John to sign to limit his powers and safeguard their liberties
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Magna Carta
- Self-sufficient farming communities which grew-up around castles
- Manors
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Where Norman French knights won the crown of England for William the Conqueror from Harold Godwinson
- Hastings
- Medieval Popes ordered Christian knights to make pilgrimages to this place to free the Holy Land from Muslim Turks
- Israel
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Holy wars that created new tastes in Europe for Asian luxuries and the trade to supply them
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Crusades
- German pioneer in letterpress printing
- Gutenberg
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Classical philosophy of Renaissance thinkers that emphasizes that “man is the measure of all things”
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Humanism
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King who helped to create a Reformed Church to free England from control of the Pope
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Henry VIII
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Italian artist, scientist, engineer and inventor who painted the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper
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Leonardo da Vinci
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English Renaissance poet and playwright who created characters like Macbeth and Hamlet
- Shakespeare
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Sculptor of the Pieta and painted on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
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Michelangelo
- Includes all groups whose protests of Catholic teaching and practice led to their break with Rome
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Protestant
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During the counter-formation, a place in Italy where the Pope's Council of Bishops met to clarify doctrine and reform church practice.
- Trent
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German monk whose published criticisms of church practices like indulgence sparked a revolution
- Luther
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Voyages from Spain unexpectedly led to the European discovery and colonization of the Americas
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Christopher Columbus
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Appeals to the Senate for help were ignored by everyone except Jedi Knights
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Padma Amindala (Starwars)