Anatomy Physiology BIO-163 Final Questions
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- 170. Each Mammary gland is composed of how many lobes?
- 15-20
- 154. Which hormones stimulates the maturation of the ovarian follicles?
- FSH
- 163. What hormone is thought to be responsible for hiding the fetus from the mother's immune system during pregnancy is?
- HCG
- 153. Which of the glands secrete the hormones FSH & LH?
- Pituitary gland
-
193. TRUE or FALSE
The base of the clitoris forms a crura? - TRUE
- 157. Each testicular lobule contains one to four highly coiled, convoluted _____ each of which is approximately 70cm long when uncoiled?
- Semineferous tubules
- 165. Most often the egg is fertilized in which of the following female reproductive structures?
- Fallopian tubes
- 59. Bony projections coming off bone which allow for the attachment of tendons and ligaments are called?
- Processes
- 184. What is the name of the finger-like structures seen at the ovarian end of the fallopina tubes?
- Fimbriae
- 161. Prior to ejaculation, there is movement of sperm from the testes and secretions from the prostate glands termed?
- Emission
- 192. Which consists of rounded folds composed primarily of adipose? Its function is to protect the external female genitalia?
- Labia Major
- 156. Egg maturation (development) is termed?
- Oogensesis
- 189. What is the name of the erectile tissue found in the clitoris?
- Corpora Cavernosa
- 92. What is/are the neurotransmitters for smooth muscle?
- Acetycholine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine
- 200. Identical twins develop from what?
- Same Sperm, Same Egg
- 61. What is contained within the medullary cavity of a long bone?
- Yellow marrow or adipose tissue.
- 178. The primary function of the prostate is to?
- Secrete alkaline fluids to help neutralize acidic ph of the vagina.
- 121. Which is the only neuroglial cell found in the peripheral nervous system?
- Schwann Cells
- 185. Which of the structures secretes fructose into siminal fluid?
- Siminal Vesicles
- 80. The largest tarsal bone is known as?
- Calcanius
- 197. Which is produced prior to the production of milk?
- Colostrum
- 79. Cancellous bone is located in the _____ of the long bones?
- Epiphysis
- 177. The penis contains 3 columns of erectile tissue known as?
-
Two dorsal - corpora cavernosa
Two ventral - corpus spongiosum - 107. Type- O blood has antibodies to?
- A & B blood
- 188. What becomes of the polar bodies seen in oogenesis?
- Degenerate
- 87. In the presence of Calcium ions, myosin forms crossbridges with ______.
- Actin protein molecules
- 187. Which of the structures consists of a convoluted tubule about 18 feet long and is located on the outside of the testes?
- Bowman's Capsule (Epididymis)
- 58. Spongy bone is also known as?
- Cancellous bone
- 199. The innermost layer of the uterus is known as the?
- Endometrium
- 94. Red blood cells are also known as?
- Erythrocytes
- 176. What is the primary male sexual characteristic?
- Presence of testies
- 91. Instead of troponin, smooth muscle has which protein?
- Calmdulin
- 167. During spermatogenesis which help to mature & nurture the developing sperm cells before they are released into the epididymis?
- Supporting cells
- 122. Which neuroglial cells are most numerous?
- Astrocytes
- 174. Cells Leydig do what?
- Produces testosterone
- 151. What hormone maintains the corpus luteum during the first two months of pregnancy?
- HCG
- 179. Sperm cells are able to fertilize the egg after they enter the female reproductive tract, this is referred to as?
- Catacitation
- 97. What are Granulocytes?
- Neutrofils, basiofils, eosinophils
- 169. During fetal circulation blood is shunted from the right atrium to the left atrium through which of the following?
- Foraman ovale
- 77. Free moveable joints are known as?
- Darthrosis
- 175. The corpora cavernosa devides laterally and attaches firmly to the peritoneum. This region of the penis is called?
- Root of Penis
- 145. The posterior cavity of the eyeball is filled with a jelly-like substance called?
- Vitrus humor
- 162. Parturition is better known as?
- Giving birth or the birth process.
- 84. The "dark" colored bands seen in the striations of skeletal muscle are known as?
- A-Bands
- 195. Development of the breasts during pregnancy is aided by which of the following hormones?
- Estrogens
- 72. The foramen magnum enters which bone?
- Occipital bone
- 190. Which region (s) of the spinal cord is involved in female orgasm?
- Lumbar and sacrum
- 115. The largest lymphatic vessel in the body is called?
- Thorasic duct
- 173. LH (lutinizing hormone is known as ________ in the male?
- Icsh
- 57. The shaft portion of a long bone is referred to as?
- Diaphysis
- 183. The umbilical cord contains?
- Two arteries and one vein.
- 86. The muscle cell cytoplasm is known as the?
- Sarcoplasm
- 166. When the sperm cell reaches and contacts the egg cell for fertilization what is true?
- Sperm invades and fertalizes.
- 143. The colored portion of the eye is the?
- Iris
- 168. What carries oxygenated blood and nutrients to the fetus?
- Umbilical vein
- 83. Individual muscles are separated from adjacent muscles and held into position by?
- Fascia
- 198. The embryonic disc gives rise to all BUT which germ layers?
- Mosederm Layer
- 132. When the nerve cell membrane undergoes a sudden change in permeability and sodium ions rush inside causing the outside to be + charged its called?
- Depolarization
- 180. The male and female sex cells contribute how many chromosomes each?
- 23
- 90. The head of the femur attaches to what portion of the hipbone?
- Acetabulum
- 172. During erection of penile tissue smooth muscles in the arteries relax allowing increased blood flow in response to innervation and stimulation of which?
- PSN
- 112. T-4 released from the thyroid gland is also known as?
- Thyroxin
- 186. Which of the structures provides most of the lubricating fluid to aid insertion of the male penis?
- Bartholin's gland
- 70. Bones of the wrist are termed?
- Short bones (corpals)
- 182. Which stimulates the mammary gland to actually secrete or expel the milk from the breast?
- Placental progesterone (prolactin)
- 88. What is the function of the tropomyosin-troponin protein complex?
- Prevents actin from binding to myosin crossbridges.
- 181. The nipple of the breast is surrounded by?
- Pigmented area called the areola.
- 137. Where is the vestibule located?
- Between the cochlea and the semicurcular canals.
- 191. Which of the cells produces inhibin hormone?
- Supporting Cells (sertois cell)
- 65. Which bone is located in the neck and helps aid in the movement of the tongue and aid in swallowing?
- Hyoid
- 171. Which stimulates the growth of mammary glands at puberty?
- Ovarian hormones
- 74. The cristi galli is part of which bone?
- Ethmoid bone
- 164. Development of secondary sex characteristics occurs at what stage of development?
- Germ puberty
- 63. The knee cap is called the?
- Patella
-
196. TRUE or FALSE
Involution is aided by the nursing infant? - TRUE
- 116. What type blood is known as the univesal donor?
- Type-O
- 35. What is the function of the protein Keratin?
- Waterproofs the tissue and prevents microrganisms from entering the body as well as other toxins. It also prevents leaking of body fluids.
- 82. Which bone contains the odontoid process (Dens)?
- Axis
- 30. Blood vessels and nerves are found in which area of the bone?
- Haversain canals
- 117. The outermost portion of the Schwann cell as it wraps around an axon is termed?
- Neurilemma
- 36. What is the function of the fibroblast?
- Produces both yellow and white fibers.
- 73. The mastoid process is part of which bone?
- Temporal bone
- 23. Which types of tissue consists of a single layer of thin, flattened, irregular cells that fit tightly together?
- Simple squamous
- 110. What is the function of ADH?
- decreases urinary output, regulates blood pressure
- 24. Which tissues form the inner linings of the urinary bladder and the passageways of the urinary system?
- Transitional epithelium
- 119. Between the adjacent schwann cells are gaps or spaces where they do not touch which is called?
- Nodes of Ranvier
- 37. Bone cells are found in chambers known as?
- Lacunae
- 131. The insula is also known as?
- Island of Reil
- 53. What is the function of RNA?
- It carries amino acid to messenger RNA.
- 101. Which cells produce antibodies?
- B-cells
- 51. Simple cubodial epithelium is found in which area?
- Lining of the ovaries, kidneys, salivary glands, pancreas, and liver.
- 142. Which portions of the brain is involved in interpreting impulses involved in the sense of dynamic equilibrium?
- Cerebellum
- 52. Where is smooth muscle found?
- Digestive system and other glands.
- 127. What neurotransmitter is secreted by the preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system?
- Acytocholine
- 38. The function of the canaliculi is to?
- Allow for a rich nutrient supply to all bone tissue.
- 159. The fibromuscular cord that aids movement of the testes during fetal descention is known as?
- Gubernaculums
- 49. What is the function of the dendrites?
- Carry impulses to the neuron cell body.
- 138. The receptors of taste and smell are examples of?
- Chemoreceptors
- 50. The fallopian tubes would contain which type of epithelium?
- Precilliated prestratified columnar epithelium.
- 76. Which part of the brain lies within the sella turcia?
- Pituitary Gland
- 39. Dehydrocholesterol is converted into vitamin D by?
- UV light
- 56. What does DNA code for anyway?
- Protein
- 48. The neuron cell body is known as the?
- Soma or parikeum
- 135. A convolution seen on the surface of the brain is known as?
- Grooves or folds
- 15. Sometimes atoms of the same element have different atomic weights. This is referred to as?
- Isotopes
- 75. The cheek bones are called?
- Zygomatic bones
-
21. If you have the following DNA what is its complimentary sequence of mRNA?
CTAGTAAG - GAUCAUUC
- 114. Which antibodies are bound directly to the mast cell?
- IgE
- 44. The region/area of the epidermis where active cellular division is occurring is known as the?
- Stratum Germinativum
- 68. Which is the largest bone of the lower leg?
- Tibia
- 42. What type of muscle tissue contain intercalated discs?
- Cardiac muscle
- 69. Transverse foramina are only found in which vertebrae?
- Cervical Vertebrae
- 14. Carbon has an atomic weight of 12. In addition it has 6 protons. With this in mind, what is true?
- 6 protons, and 6 electrons.
- 98. What are tissue phagocytes?
- Macrophages
- 7. Which element makes up most of the human body?
- H2O which is water
- 140. Which structures contains the visual receptor cells?
- Retina
- 1. The neucleus of an atom is composed of?
- Protons & Neutrons
- 60. The medullary cavity is lined with a membrane called the?
- Endosteum
- 25. The outermost layer of the skin is composed of?
- Stratified squamous
- 104. Which antibody is second one made after the immune system makes an immune response?
- IgG
- What is the function of the Mitochondria?
- releases energy from glucose molecules to form ATP
- 109. Both FSH & LH are hormones which act on which glands?
- SEX organs
- 9. The atomic number is the same number of ______ contained within the atom?
- Protons
- 134. The centers for controlling vomiting, sneezing, coughing and swallowing are found in which part of the brain?
- Medulla
- 27. Stratified squamous epithelium is found?
- In the anal canal, vagina, throat, and outer skin.
- 129. Which neuroglial cells phagocytize foreign material such as bacteria in the nervous system?
- Microalgia
- 2. Carbon forms how many bonds?
- 4 bonds
- 99. Which white blood cells are increased in allergic reactions, or in asthma that is caused from allergies?
- Eosynophils
- 29. What type of muscle is involuntary and contains striations?
- Cardiac
- 141. Which structure contains the sensory hairs involved in dynamic equilibrium?
- Ampulla
- 40. What types of cartilage is found in the larynx?
-
Elastic Cartilage
Paired-Arytonoid, cuneiform, corniculate
Unpaired-Thyroid, Cricoid, Epiglottis - 85. The segment of a myofibril that extends from Z-line to Z-line is called?
- Sarcomere
- 34. Which accessory cell is usually associated with columnar cells?
- Goblet Cells
- 62. Most bones develop from endochondrial bone. This involves the replacement of which type of cartilage?
- Hyaline
- 10. The element nitrogen can form how many bonds?
- 3 bonds
- 56. Which is not found in ribosonal RNA?
- Thymine
- 3. Lysosomes are most numerous in what cells?
- Phagocytes, neutrophils, and macrophages
- 95. The primary (not the only) function of hemoglobin is to?
- Transport oxygen molecules to the tissue.
- 41. What types of cartilage makes up the discs found between vertebrae?
- Intervertebral discs made of fibrocartilage.
- 136. As a person moves from a higher altitude to a lower one, what is true about the tympanic membrane?
- It if forces inward toward the middle ear.
- 26. What best describes ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
- Found in the lining of the sinuses, single layer of cells with the neucli of each cell appearing at a different level.
- 133. Cerebrospinal fluid is found in which of the areas/structures?
- In the spinal cord, emptied into capillaries in the subarachnoid space.
- 20. RNA contains all but which of the nucleotides?
- Thymine
- 139. The circular opening in the center of the Iris is called?
- Pupil
- 8. _______are extremely small subatomic particles and have almost no weight and carry a negative electrical charge?
- Electrons
- 111. Which hormones will be released from the pituitary gland when the hypothalamus secretes GnRH?
- FSH & LH (Prolactin)
- 12. What is the function of visceral and parietal serous membranes?
- Allows for frictionless movement.
- 120. Efferent neurons are called?
- Motor Neurons
- 11. What is contained within the mediastinum?
- trachea, esophagus, thymus gland, thyroid gland and the parathyroid gland.
- 105. Which is responsible for clotting of blood that comes in contact with a foreign substance?
- Hagmans factor
- 22. How many naturally occurring elements are known to exist in our universe?
- 92
- 123. For a short period following a nerve impulse the threshold stimulus will not trigger an impulse unless the stimulus is strong this is?
- Relative refractory period
- 5. Mitosis occurs in?
- neuclous and when the cytoplasm devides
- 155. After fertilization, the zygote after a few days of development will become a hollow ball of cells known as?
- Blastocyte
- 45. Which sensory receptors respond to light touch?
- Mesner's corpuscles
- 89. What is the neurotransmitter found at the motor-end plate of Skeletal muscle?
- Acetylcholine
- 16. What is the following is not true concerning enzymes?
- They are usually waste products of cellular metabolism.
- 125. Where are neurotransmitters normally stored?
- At the end of axons in vescules.
- 32. Which antibody is found attached to the surface of certain lympocytes?
- IgD
- 78. Red bone marrow is closely associated with what type of bone?
- Spongy bone
- 46. Which regions of the brain is most responsible for the maintenance of normal body temp?
- Hypothalamus
- 158. A ______ is a convoluted sac-like structure about 5cm long that is attached to the vas deferens near the base of the urinary bladder.
- Seminol Vesicule
- 28. Glands that secrete their products into blood are known as?
- Endocrine
- 100. Monocytes are the largest of the blood cells. What are they?
- Immature macrophages
- 18. What is a waste product of cellular respiration?
- Carbon dioxide
- 130. Lobes of the cerebrum include?
- Frontal, pridal, temporal, occipital
- 19. Oxygen plays a part in the Kreb's cycle at the very last step what does it do?
- it is the final electron acceptor and hydrogen proton acceptor forming water.
- 93. When a muscle cell is repolarizing, what is occuring?
- Relaxing
- 17. What is the molecule/chemical that actually enters the mitochondria and begins the Kreb's cycle?
- Pyruvic acid
- 146. Which of the photoreceptors is sensitive to light and dark?
- Rods
- 47. Where would simple squamous be found?
- Avili of the lungs and endothelial of capillaries.
- 71. The radial notch is found on which bone?
- Ulna
- 54. Where is tRNA normally found?
- In the Cytoplasim.
- 81. The sternum is made up of three bones, the very bottom one is called the?
- Xiphoid process
- 32. What are the four major types of tissue?
- Epithelial, connective, nerve, and muscle.
- 160. The fluid conveyed by the urethra to the outside during ejaculation is called?
- Semon
- 13. What lines the chest wall?
- Pariteal pleura
- 66. Which bone is the collar bone?
- Clavical
- 43. Which of the proteins is responsible for waterproofing the skin?
- Keriatin
- 96. Red blood cells live about how long?
- 120 days
- 64. How many pairs of ribs are there?
- 12
- 126. Whic statement is true concerning the autonomic nervous system?
- Involuntary, part of the PNS, has sympathetic and parasympothetic branches.
- 67. The first cervical vertebrae is known as the?
- Atlas
- 108. ACTH exerts its action on which gland?
- Adrenal cortex
- 103. Which are the main circulating plasma proteins?
- Albumins, Glogulin, fibrogen
- 144. Which portion of the retina produces the sharpest vision?
- Fovea centralis
- 124. TRUE or FALSE? Saltatory nerve impulse conduction is seen in the peripheral nervous system?
- TRUE
- 102. Which white blood cells are the Commanding General and pretty much controls actions of other white blood cells?
- T-Helper cells
- 147. A developing human organism is first considered an embryo at what age of development?
- 8 weeks
- 148. What is the primary cause of menopause?
- Results from aging of ovaries.
- 113. If you take your child to the Dr and he has a runny nose, itchy eyes, and a low-grade fever what does he have?
- Allergies
- 149. The average human pregnancy is how many weeks?
- 40 weeks
- 150. During prenatal care, the expecting mother's blood is tested for what hormone to determine pregnancy?
- HCG
- 118. Myelinated nerve tissue appears?
- White
- 106. Which of the protein splitting enzymes that digests fibrin threads and other proteins associated with a blood clot?
- Plasmin
- 152. What are the external accessory organs of a female?
- Libia major & minor, clitoris
- 128. Which forms the deep bridge of nerve fibers connecting the cerebral hemispheres?
- Corpus Collisum
- 1. The neucleus of an atom is composed of?
- a. Protons and Neutrons