bio final exam
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- what is a trace element in human body?
- iron
- how do you determine atomic weight?
- Add together number of protons and neutrons
- covalent bond
- electrons are shared between atoms
- an acid has more
- H+ ions
- a base has more
- OH- ions
- equation for making water?
- O2 + 2H2 = 2H20
- hydrocarbon is
- a molecule with only hydrogen and carbon
- what reaction happens with two monomers together?
- dehydration reaction
- isomers are
- when two molecules have same chemical formula but are different!
- what are famous isomers?
- fructose and glucose
- starch is made up of
- glucose
- what kind of saccharide is lactose?
- disaccharide
- what are stoids
- lipids
- how many amino acids are there?
- 20
- nitrogenous base of nucleic acid is connected to what part of nucleotide?
- sugar
- who discovered structure of proteins
- Linus Pauling
- all cells have
- plasma membrane and ribosomes
- where are chromosomes STORED in a cell?
- nucleus
- the smooth ER
- manufactures lipids/stores things
- Golgi apparatus
- sorting/processing center for proteins
- What is defective in Thay Sachs?
- lysozomes
- mitochondria
- converts sugar to ATP
- the 3 layrers of chloroplast from outer to inner go
- Outer membrane, inner membrane, thyalkoid membrane
- what junctions do plants use?
- plasmodesmata
- ATP breaks down into what when used?
- ADP and P
- competetive inhibitor
- fits into active site of molecule and keeps it from working
- non-competetive inhibitor
- changes the active site shape of a molecule and keeps it from working
- hypotonic solution
- less water
- hypertonic solution
- more water
- active transport is
- movement of substance from low concentration to high concentration
- endocytosis is used for
- a cell to absorb food
- The order of cellular respiration processes.
- 1. Glycolysis 2. Kreb\'s cycle 3. electron transport chain
- most ATP is made in what part of cellular respiration?
- electron transport chain
- yeast in glycolysis make:
- CO2 and ethanol
- light gives energy to
- electron
- light reactions make
- ATP and NADPH
- how many chromosomes does a bacteria have?
- 1
- Meiosis stages in order are:
- 1. Prophase 2. Metaphase 3. Anaphase 4. telophase
- Interphase stages in order are
- 1. G1 2. S 3. G2 G0
- DNA is duplicated in what part of interphase?
- S - Synthesis
- are eggs/sperm haploid or diploid?
- haploid
- crossing over occurs in
- Prophase I
- Mendel\'s profession was:
- monk
- Huntington\'s disease
- is lethal and kills you at older age. but you don\'t know you have it until then.
- incomplete dominance
- when 2 traits are blended
- pleiotropy
- 1 allele having many effects
- epistasis
- one gene controls another
- guanine bonds with
- cytosine
- adenine bonds with
- thymine
- polymerase
- the enzyme that replicates DNA
- DNA is (copied) ____ into mRNA
- transcribed
- mRNA is *changed*_____ into proteins
- translated
- RNA polymerase starts at the
- promoter
- start code is
- AUG
- mRNA attaches to what part of ribosome?
- small subunit
- what mutation is sickle cell anemia?
- base substitution
- all viruses have:
- DNA/RNA and a protein coat
- AIDS virus particularly has
- RNA and reverse transcriptase
- insulin is made from
- bacteria
- interference RNA does what?
- disables mRNA
- Linnaeus
- classified animals/named them
- Cuvier
- assembled fossils
- gradualism
- big changes take place over long period of time
- who also discovered natural selection?
- wallace
- homologous
- when two animals have a part that came from a common ancestor
- analogous
- Two parts look alike but do not come from a common ancestor
- formation of new species happens how?
- allopatric speciation
- punctuated equilibrium
- evolution that happens slowly but occasionally happens quickly
- heterotrophs
- get energy from eating something else
- autotrophs
- get energy from sun/heat etc.
- two prokaryote groups:
- bacteria and archaea
- 3 basic prokaryote shapes
- cocci, bacillus, spirochete
- cocci
- sphere shaped
- bacillus
- rod shaped
- spirochete
- spiral shaped
- prokaryote that survives in extreme conditions
- archaea
- cyanobacteria
- autotrophs, bacteria that photosynthesizes.
- endospore
- membrane shell that lets bacteria live in extreme conditions
- which is one of the most toxic substances from bacteria?
- botulism
- 3 kinds of protists
- protozoa, slime molds, algae
- slime molds
- single cell, can get large, feed on bacteria, on logs
- difference between fungi and plants
- they are heterotrophs!
- hyphae in fungi create
- mycelium
- class agnatha
- jawless fish, eel-like
- chondrichthyes
- sharks, rays etc.