Bio Test 2
Terms
- Which of the following helps describe what cells are like:
-
B. Watery
- The process known as metastasis describes uncontrolled
-
B - Cell Migration
-
Which of the following could not be part of a gene?
- C
- DNA can be said to store information digitally because
- D. Information is encoded by the sequence, or order, of base pairs.
- The correct order of phases of the cell cycle is:
-
B. S, G2, M, G1
-
In a single-celled organism, which of the following does the cell cycle controller ignore:
A. The quantity of ribosomes.
- Which of the following is true of cells in an organ, such as a liver:
- B. They hold on tight to their neighbors
- The building blocks of deoxyribonucleic acid are:
- A. A sugar plus a base plus a phosphate
- Plants do not contain muscles but they are able to move,
- C. Which is often related to their intense need for light
- Pollen tube growth
- C. Is related conceptually to animal sperm swimming
- As a defense against herbivory, you could expect to find in a leaf:
- A. Terpenoids, phenolics, and alkaloids.
- The turpentine industry of the south eastern United States
- A. Underscores the idea that plants often make seconodary metabolites in large amounts
- Nicotine
A. An Alkaloid
- On hikes, and in gardens, I commonly see herbivore damage (e.g., holes or bite marks) to leaves but rarely to flower petals. This is probably because:
D. The phenolic pigments coloring flowers are toxic
- The secondary metabolites known as alkaloids
- D. All of the above
- As presented in class, the relation between heartburn during pregnancy and the hairiness of the newborn is:
A. Correlational
- Establishing the truth about causality requires:
- C. Observs, experims, and connects
- Epidemiology is the study of:
- D. Patterns of human diseases
- Which one of the following is true:
- B. Most men who die of lung cancer smoked cigarettes
- Patterns of exposure to pesticides
- D. Are presumably mirrored by patterns of exposure to synthetic chemicals of all sorts
- Macromolecule is to metabolite as
A. Novel is to word
- A core group of metabolites is shared among all organisms on Earth. These primary metabolites number about:
B. 250
- Plants make secondary metabolites
- B. Which means they are loaded with pesticides
- Which of the following is an input to the cell cycle controller that is unique to multicellular organisms:
D. Hormone Present
- Hormone comes from a Greek word meaning:
- Messenger
- Which one of these is NOT a condition calling for division signals in multicellular organisms:
- Long entry in blog
- The cell cycle controller is a kinase. To active the controller, for example when a checkpoint is satisfied, the cell might use
A. Another Kinase
- A scribe copying a text like enzymes replicating DNA can make mistakes. For a scribe copying the word \"altar\", which mistake corresponds closest to a mis-sense mutation?
- alter
- Apoptosis
A. Happens in sequence after mitosis in proliferating cells.
- C.
- Virus coats often assemble into geometrically regular polygons
- D - To help insure that they can be put together fast and w/o bother in an infected cell.
- Workers in chemical refineries are subject to high rates of liver and bladder cancer, probably because
- B. Chronic exposure to organic solvents damages tissue.
- Tumor cells have mutations that: (4)
- Keep them dividing AND hide them from the immune sys AND prevent them from aptoping AND allow metastasis
- What do we need for the experiment? (4)
1.Control Group
2. Placebo
3. Safety Factor
4. Maximally tolerated dose (MTD)
- If MTD gives 1 in a thousand, then MTD/1000 gives..
- in a million
- MTD's cause (big problem) ...
- Tissue Damage!
- 4phases of cell duplication:
- G1 (growth), S (dna synthesis), G2 (growth), M
- A _____ checks each step is ok before letting the next step start.
- Controller
- 2 things are important for the controller to check:
- Cell size and DNA damage
- In a multicell org., division requires
- hormones
- Stem cells are the organism's professional...
- cell dividers
- Mutations allow the control over _________ to be weakened.
- division
- The cell cycle controller is a:
- kinase
- Kinase
- An enzyme that phosphorylates its target.
- Phosphate
- Enzyme that de-phosphorylates its target.
- Cell proliferation can be driven by...
- Mutation
- Mutations in proliferating cells can:
- Accumulate
- The body kills out of control proliferating cells with: 2
- The immune system AND cellular apoptosis
- Cell proliferation is enhanced by ________ even to the point where the org ______.
- selection , dies
- 3 classes of plant secondary metabolites:
- terpenoids, phenolycs and alkaloids
- Terpenoids are often: (3)
- Oils, resins, scents
- 3 examples of terpenoids:
- Terpentine, Taxol, Digitalis
- Phenolics are often: (3)
- Poisins (spices), Pigments, Signals
- The famous plant pigment:
- Chloryphill
- 3 colors of Phenolyic pigments:
- red, blue and purple
- Red blue and purple pigments are:
- Flavonoids
- Alkaline is the opposite of:
- Acidic
- Alkaloids are _______, chemically
- BASES
- Alkaloids are______ and _______
- poisins and medecines
- 3 ex of alkaloids:
- Morphine, nicotine, atrophine
- Cancer = ____________ + __________
- Uncontrolled cell division + Cell migration
- A cell is a ___________, which can replicate.
- Machine
- Cells burn____
- sugar
- Cells build ___________
- proteins
- 3 Amazing things about DNA:
- Pair rule, length, digital storage
- Duplication of a cells contents is:
- a lot of work
- Ribosomes
- Machines for building protein to spec
- Cells store__________ in addition to DNA
- information
- Primary metabolites are __________ and number ___.
- conserved,250
- Secondary metabolites help plants...
- interact w/ other orgs
- Plants use 2ndary metabolites for: (3)
- Sex, dispersion and defense
- Plants contain pesticides (and other 2ndary metabolites) at:
- high concentrations