midterm325
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- two functions of integumentary system
-
body protection
external support - four functions - urinary system
-
blood filtration
blood volume maintenance
blood chemical composition maintenance
removal of waste from body - function of respiratory system
- gaseous exch: environment - blood
- nervous system - purpose
- control/regulation: body systems
- circulatory system purpose
- transport of life-sustaining materials to body cells, removal of wastes from cells.
- female reproductive system purpose
-
-produce: female sex cells + female hormones.
-sperm receptacle
-ovum fertilization + implantation site
-foetus development + delivery. - eye region
- orbital
- ear region
- auricular
- palpation
- applying fingers with firm pressure to feel landmarks, lumps, tenderspots, pulsations.
- percussion
- aids in locating excess fluids or abnormalities in organs: tapping sharply on various locations of thorax or abdomen to detect resonation.
- leg areas
- crural
- contents-r.hypochondriac
-
gall bladder
portions of liver
portions of r. kidney - contents epigastric
-
pancreas
portion-liver
portion - stomach
portion - duodenum - contents l.hypochondriac
-
spleen
splenic flexure of colon
small intestine portions
portion l. kidney - r. lateral contents
-
portions right kidney
portion small intestine
portion cecum
portion ascending colon
hepatic flexure - umbilical contents
- ileum, jejunum, duodenum, major abdominal vessels.
- left lateral contents
-
descending colon,
portions small intestine,
portion left kidney - right inguinal contents
-
appendix,
portions cecum,
portion small intestine - hypogastric contents
-
urinary bladder,
portions small intestine
sigmoid colon - left inguinal
-
portions small intestine
portions sigmoid colon,
descending colon - organs within coelum called
- visceral organs or viscera
- cavities around lungs
- pleural
- cavity around heart
- pericardial
- two types of body membranes
- serous and mucous
- mucous membranes - what, where, and why?
-
secrete sticky mucous fluid.
found where cavities/tubes enter/leave body.
lubricates & protects organ where located. - serous membrane shere, what, why?
-
lines thoracic/abdominopelvic cavities
secretes watery lubricant: serous fluid.
line/cover/protect organs.
pleural membranes, pericardial membrane - omentum
- support stomach, store fat, cushion and protect abdomenal viscera (organs)
- serous membranes that adhere to outside of organs
- visceral membranes
- serous membranes that adhere to inside of a cavity
-
usually "parietal"... (not visceral.
eg: parietal pericardium, parietal pleura (lines thoracic wall, whereas visceral pleura cover the lungs themselves.) - mesenteries
- double fold of peritoneum (abdominal serous membrane)- connect parietal to visceral.
- skeletal muscle
- striated. cylindrical fibres. voluntary. (somatic innervation). many nuclei per cell.
- cardiac muscle.
- intercalated discs (allow communication between cells.) striated. involuntary. (autonomic innervation). branched fibres, single nucleus. involuntary contraction.
- smooth muscle
- elongated, spindle-shaped fibres. single nucleus, autonomic, nonvoluntary contraction. around internal organs/vessels.
- two types of bone tissue
- cancellous (spongy) and compact (dense)
- greenstick fracture
-
ends of bone don't actually separate.
usually in young people: more organic matter in bones (not as brittle) - periosteum tissue type
- dense fibrous tissue
- what are the layers of bone called just inside the periosteum
- external circumferential lamellae
- another name for a haversian system
- osteon
- horizontal canals through bone (larger ones)
- perforating canals
- long bone functions
- levers (i.e. bones of upper and lower extremities)
- short bone functions
- transfer forces of movement - found in wrist/ankle. Somewhat cube-shaped
- another name for short bone
- cuboidal
- flat bone function
- muscle attachment or protection of organs - cranial bones, bones of os coxae.
- irregular bones function
- articulation and muscle attachment, i.e. vertebrae
- name the six fontanels
- anterior and posterior fontanels, anterolateral fontanels, anteroposterior fontanels.
- fontanel structure and function
-
fibrous connective tissue membranes.
cover gaps in skull during maturation.
permit skull to undergo moulding and shape changes during parturition.
- accommodate rapid brain growth.
ossify by 24 mos. - what are the shapes and sizes of the fontanels
- anterior and posterior: both diamond shaped, anterior largest. All others smaller, irregularily shaped.
- endochondral ossification
- chondrocytes first form hyaline cartilagenous bone model, inorganic salts placed, cartilage calcifies. osteoblasts arrive, growth happens in growth centres at cartilage plate until fully grown, then line ossifies.
- intramembranous ossification
- mesenchyme fibrous membrane turns directly into bone when osteoblasts arrive and cluster. one growth centre, enlarges at periphery until adult size. (skull bones)