Pyschology Module 3 - Neural and Hormonal Systems
Terms
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- A pair of endocrine glands above kidneys. They secrete the hormones epinerione (adrenaline), and norepinephrine, (norepinephrine) which helps arouse body in times of stress
- Adrenal Glands
- Chemical messengers, made by endocrine glands, produced in 1 tissue and affect another
- Hormones
- The body's slow chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
- Endocrine system
- Messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands
- Axon
- Branching extensions of a neuron that recieve messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body
- Dendrite
- Interconnected neural cells. They learn, as feedback strengthens or inhibits connections that produce certain results.
- Neural networks
- A simple, automatic inborn response to a senory stimulus, such as the knee-jerk response
- Reflex
- Under the infulence of the hypothalamus, this gland regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands
- Pituitary gland
- The division of the automatic nervous system that clams the body, conserving its energy
- Parasympathetic nervous system
- The division of the automatic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
- Sympathetic Nerbous System
- The division of the peripherial nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles
- Somatic Nervous System
- Neurons that carry outgoing information from CNS to the muscles and glands
- Motor Neurons
- CNS neurons that internally communicate and intervene between the sensory imputs and motor outputs
- Interneurons
- Neurons that carry incoming information from the sense receptiors into the CNS
- Sensory Neurons
- The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs. Sympathetic division arouses; it's parasympathetic division calms.
- Autonmic Nervous System
- Neural "cables" containing axons. They connect the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs
- Nerves
- Layer of fatty tissue that encases the Fibers of neurons; enables greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from 1 node to the next
- Myelin Sheath
- The sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body
- Peripheral Neverous System
- The brian and spinal cord
- Central nervous system
- The body's speedy electrochemical communication system consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems
- Nervous System
- "Morphine within" natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure
- Endorphins
- A neurotransmitter that triggers muscle contraction
- Acetlcholine
- Messengers tat transverse the synaptic gap between neurons. When released, they travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on neuron, influencing whether that neuron will generate a neural impulse
- Neurotransmitter
- Junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the recieving neuron. the tiny gap here is called synaptic gap or cleft
- Synapse
- Level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse
- Threshold
- Neural impulse, byh and charged atoms in and out of channels in the axon's membrane.
- Action Potential