functions of the nervous system
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- what are the functions of the nervous system?
- communication control
- basic structure
- neuron
- dendrite
-
* short with multiple branches
* recieves impulses
* transmits its impulses to cell body - axon
-
* comes off cell body
* transmits impulses away from cell body to other neurons
* length- can be short or long - myelin sheath
- fatty substance that insulates axon
- synapse
-
* tiny space seperating one neuron from another
* neuro transmitter has synapse happen - sensory neurons
- aka afferent eyes, ears, nose, hands travels through the central nervous system
- motor neurons
-
aka efferent
travels: cns through body parts moves the muscles - interneurons
-
aka connecting
only in CNS
link sensory and motor neurons - reflexes
-
automatic or unconcious
reflex to stimulus - reflex arc
-
* short cut for nervous system
* emergency situations
* moving body before brain recieves messages - C.N.S.
-
central nervous system
consits of brain and spinal cord - brain
-
* weigh about 3 lbs
* high metobolic rate
* about 100 billion neurons
* use 20% of circulating blood
* high demand for glucose - cerebrum
- * 80% of brain voulme* divided into left and right hemisphere
- cerebral cortex
-
*outside layer
* top lining filled with neurons - gyri
-
* wrinkles in the brain
* creates more surface area - corpus callosum
- connects right and left hemisphere
- frontal lobes
- motor, conceptualization, writing, speech, judgement, communication and body movement
- parietal lobe
-
touch
temperatures
spacial ability - temporal lobe
-
hearing
auditory interpretation
smell - occipital
- vision
- thalamus
-
* relay station between cutaneous recepters and cerbal cortex
* all sences(except smell) interprited here - limbic
-
* maintains a persons awareness
* long term memory - hypothalamus
-
* below thalamus
* regulates visceral activites
* regulates hormones from diff parts of the body
body temperature
water balance
appitie
sleep and emotions
\ - cerebellum
-
* muscle coordination
* posture
* balance
* equilibrum - brainstem
-
* includes midbrain, pons, medulla
* connects 2 hemispheres with the spinal cord - midbrain
- functions as a reflex center
- pons
- carry messages between cerebrum and medulla
- medulla
-
cardiac and respiratory center
vaso motor center
diolates and constricts - spinal cord
-
pathway with the nerves
brain to body and body to brain - meninges
- layers around brain and spinal cord
- dura mater
-
* outside fiberous layer
* lies on skull - arachnoid
-
middle layer
spider web like - pia mater
- directly on brain and spinal cord
- cerebrospinal fluid
-
* soaks brain and spinal cord
* carries nutrients to brain
* carries toxins away
* transmits medications
* cushions brain and spine - autonomic nervous system
-
* controls internal organs
* anything done automatically - sympathetic
-
* controls flight or fight
* things in order to be ready for a stressful situation - conjunctiva
-
* mucus membrane the line eye lids
* keeps eyes moist - lacrimal glands
-
* manufactures tears
* keeps eyes moist - sclera
- white of eye
- cornea
-
* transparent sheet
* helps bend light rays
* for focusing - auqueous humor
-
* fluid in anterior chamber
* helps bend light rays for focusing - iris
-
* WHAT GIVES THE EYE ITS COLOR
* REGULATES AMT OG LIGHT THAT COMES INTO EYE - PUPIL
- BLACK PART OF EYE
- LENS
-
* BEHIND IRIS
* FOCUSES - VITREOUS HUMOR
-
* FLUID IN EYE
* GIVES EYE SHAPE
* BENDS LIGHT RAYS - RETINA RODS
- PICKS UP LIGHT INTENSITY
- RETINA CONES
- SEES COLOR
- BINOCULAR VISION
- USING BOTH EYES
- ACCOMMODATION
-
* LENSE ADJUSTING
* MAKING IMAGE SHARPER AND CLEARER - HYPEROPIA
- FAR SIGHTED
- MYOPIA
- NEAR SIGHTED
- PRESBYOPIA
- GRADUAL LOSS OF ACCOMMODATION DUE TO AGE
- AURICLE
-
ALA PINNA
* OUTSIDE PART OF EAR
* GUIDES SOUNDWAVES IN - TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
-
AKA EARDRUM
* VIBRATE SOUNDWAVES INTO INNER EAR - CERUMEN
-
AKA EAR WAX
* PICKS UP FOREIGN OBJECTS
* CLEANSE EARS - OSSICLES
-
* 3 BONES
* MALLEUS (HAMMER)
* INCUS (ANUIL)
* STAPES (STIRRUP) - EUSTACIAN TUBE
- EQUALIZING PRESSURE
- COCHLEA
-
* TRUE ORGAN OF HEARING
* SPECIALIZED HAIR CELLS - PRESBYCUSSIS
- LOSS OF EARING WITH AGE
- SEMICIRCULAR CANALS
-
* FILLED WITH FLUID
* HELPS WITH BALANCE - VERTIGO
- THE SPINS
- P.E.R.R.L.A.
-
EYE SIGNS
P=PUPILS
E=EQUAL
R=RAND
R=REACT
L=LIGHT
A=ACCOMMODATION - ANGIOGRAM
- X-RAY OF BLOOD VESSELS
- ARTERIOGRAM
- X-RAY OF ARTERY
- E.E.G.
-
* ELECTROENCEPHLOGRAM
* TRACE ELECTROACTIVITY IN BRAIN
* DETECT TUMORS, DEATH, EPILEPSY - HERNIATION OF THE BRAIN
- TRAUMA TO HEAD CAUSING SWELLING
- BURR
- CUTTING HOLE IN HEAD TO RELIEVE PRESSURE
- CONTUSION
-
* BRUISED BRAIN
* SOMETIMES FINE FRACTURES TO SKULL - SUBDURAL HEMATOMA
-
* BLOOD BLISTER UNDER DURA MATER
* DAMAGE TO BLOOD VESSELS - ABSOLUTE REFACTORY
-
* TIME AFTER IMPULSE TRANSMITTED
* ANOTHER IMPULSE CANNOT PASS - ACOUSTIC
- SOUND OR SENSE OF HEARING
- ACOUSTIC NERVE
-
2 PARTS
1. VESTIBULAR AND COCHLEAR
2. PONS AND MEDULLA
* SENSE OF HEARING AND EQUILIBRIUM - ADAPTATION
-
* ABILITY OF ORGANISM TO ADJUST TO CHANGE OF ENVIORMENT
* IE EYE ADJUSTMENT - AFTER IMAGE
- IMAGE IN WHICH PERSISTS SUBJECTIVELY AFTER THE CESSATION OF A STIMULUS
- ASTEREOGNOSIS
- INABILITY TO RECOGNIZE OBJECTS OR FORMS BY TOUCH
- ASTIGMATISM
-
* SEVERAL MERIDIANS OF EYEBALL IS DIFFERENT
* DUE TO CHANGE IN CURUATURE IN CORNEA AND THE LENS - CERVICAL
- REGION OF THE NECK
- CERVICAL VERTEBRAE
- FIRST SEVEN BONES OF SPINAL CLOUMN
- NEURONS
- CELLS THAT MAKE UP NERVOUS TISSUE
- PERIPHERAL
-
* FURTHER FROM CENTER
* OUTWARD PART OF SURFACE - RETINA
-
* LIGHT SENSITIVITY STRUCTURE
* LIGHT RAYS COME INTO FOCUS - SOMATIC
- PRETAINING TO THE BODY
- THRESHOLD
- POINT WHERE PSYCHOLOGICAL OR PHYSICOLOGICAL EFFECTS BEGIN TO PRODUCE
- THORACIC
- PERTAINING TO CHEST OR THORAX
- VISERAL
- INSIDE ORGANS
- IMPULSES
-
* CONTROLLED BY Na+, K+
* CAN ONLY GO 1 WAY - NEUROTRANSMITTERS
-
* ACETYLCHOLINE
* DOPAMINE
* SEROTONIN
* EPINEPHERINE - BABINSKI
-
STROKE OUTERSIDE OF SOLE FROM HEEL FORWARD
SENSATION? - MORO
- STRATLE INFANT BY JARING CRIB OR MAKING LOUD NOISE
- BRUDZINSKI SIGN
-
LIE ON BACK BRING HEAD TO CHEST
IS THERE ANY PAIN - KERNIGS SIGN
-
LIE ON BACK
BRING ONE LEG UP TO 90 DEGREE ANGLE
IS THERE ANY PAIN - TEGRETOL
-
ANTI-CONVOLSIVE
FOR MANIA - DILANTIN
-
AKA PHENYTOIN
ANTI-CONVOLSIVE - GABAPENTIN
-
AKA NEURONTIN
PERIPHERAL NERUOPATHY
NEUROPATHY - DEPAKOTE
-
AKA VALPROIC ACID
MOODSTABILIZER
ANTI-CONVOLSIVE - VALIUM
-
AKA DIAZEPAM
SEZIURES GIVEN iv - MOTHYLPHENIDATE
- AKA
- METHYLPHENIDATE
-
AKA RHYDALIN
STIMULATE THE MIND
FOR STROKE VICTIMS - PILOCARPINE
-
AKA OCUSERTPILO
GLYCOMA MED - SINEMET
-
AKA LEVODOPA
PARKINSENS MED - BENZTROPINE
-
AKA COGENTIN
ANTI CHOLINERGIC
PARKINSONS MED
EPS MEDICATION - AMANTADINE
- ANTIVIRIAL MED FOR ENCEPHALITIS
- E.P.S.
-
EXTRA PERAMITAL SYMPTOMS
TO TREAT SYMPTOMS OF NEUROLOGICAL MEDS - DAMAGE TO FRONT OF HEAD
-
CHANGE IN PERSONALITY
CHANGE IN EYE MOVEMENT - DAMAGE TO TEMPORAL PART OF THE HEAD
-
CHANGE IN AUDITORY
APHAGIA
MEANING AND UNCERSTAND - DAMAGE TO AUXCIPITAL
-
CHANGE IN SIGHT
CAN BE BLIND OR DULLNESS - DAMAGE TO CEREBELLUM
-
CHANGE IN BALANCE
WALKING
COORDINATION - DAMAGE TO MIDBRAIN
- MOVEMENT DISORDERS
- ENUCLEATION
- REMOVAL OF EYEBALL
- CONDUCTION DEAFNESS
- SOUND THAT DIMINSHIES DUE TO IMPROPER TRAVELING THRU EAR
- NERVE DEAFNESS
- DEAFNESS DUE TO NERVE DEATH
- BRAIN ABCESS
- PUSS ACCUMULATED IN BRAIN DUE TO INFECTION
- I.C.P.
- INTER CRANIAL PRESSURE (GOOD)
- I.I.C.P.
- INCREASED INTER CRANIAL PRESSURE (BAD)
- PARKINSONS DISEASE
-
BRAIN KEEPS DEGENERATING
TREATABLE NOT CURABLE - M.S.
-
* DESTRUCTION OF MYELIN SHEATH
* DESTRUCTION OF NERVES