endocrine CUdental exam 4 revised

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GH and prolactin are secreted by the _____ pituitary and are (acidophilic/basophilic).: anterior; acidophilic
ACTH, FSH, LH and TSH are secreted by the _____ pituitary and are (acidophilic/basophilic).: anterior, basophilic
ACTH is a ________troph, TSH is a ______troph, and FSH and LH are ____trophs.: acth corticotroph, tsh thyrotroph, fsh and lh gonadotroph
ADH and oxytosin are released from the ______ and produced in the ________.: posterior pituitary; hypothalamus
Hyperpituitarism is usually caused by an ______ of the ______ lobe of the pituitary: adenoma; anterior
Adenomas of the pituitary produce an excess of multiple hormones secreted by that part of the pituitary: false (amost true), usually produces excess of one type of hormone
Pituitary adenomas are present in ___% of autopsied people.: 25%
_________ is the most common hyperfunctioning pituitary andenoma causing amenorrhea, loss of libido, infertility and glactorrhea.: Prolactinoma
GH adenoma before poohberty causes ______; after pooberty ______.: before gigantism; after acromegaly
Cushings disease is condidered a _____ adenoma causing an increased production of _____.: corticotroph, glucocorticoids (as happens in hyperproduction of ACTH)
Pituitary _______ include prolactinoma, GH (somatotroph) and corticotroph adenomas as well as null-cell, gonadotroph, thyrotroph and mixed adenomas. These are all forms of hyper-hypo-pituitarism?: adenomas, hyper**
_________ syndrome is a partial pituitary hypofunction caused by herniation of arachnoid matter into the sella usually due to a membrane defect. It is usually seen in obese women with _________ pregnancies.: Empty sella syndrome, multiple
Anterior pitutitary hypofunction due to postpartum ischemic necrosis-: Sheehan's Syndrome
_______ resembles an ameloblastoma derived from remnant ectodermal tissue of ______ pouch causing a slow growing neoplasm.: Craniopharyngioma, Rathke's
Most frequesnt cause of hypopituitarism is ________.: non-secretory pituitary adenomas
An abrupt enlargement of a pituitary adenoma due to acute hemorrhage within the tumor is calld a ______.: pituitary apoplexy
No signifiact clinical abnormalities are shon due to abnormal amounts of which hormone? (hint: posterior pituitary): oxytocin
ADH oversecretion is most often due to: ADH producing tumor such (eg. oat cel carcinoma of the lung)
Over secreation of ADH causes __________ a syndrome that results in renal retention of water with an inablilty to diulte causing hyponatremia (low Na+): Syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH)
Destruction of the posterior pituitary leads to ADH undersecretion causing _______.: diabetes insipidus
The thyroid gland stores _________ which is converted to T3 and T4 under the influence of TSH. Parafollicular (C-cells) synthesize and secrete _______.: thyroglobulin, calcitonin (inc. Ca+ absorption)
Warm skin, sweating, heat intolerance, hypermotility of GI tract, increased apetite, osteoporisis, iritabitly, tachycardia, arrhythmias, exopthalmos, fine oily hair and muscle weakness are symptoms of ________.: hyperthyroidism
The most common causes of hyperthyroidism include: Graves disease, excess ingested TSH, goiters and _______.: adenomas
A patient suddenly manifests high fever, tachycardiam arrhythmias and hypertension due to hyperthyroidism. The patient is suffering from a ________.: thyroid storm
what should you do in a thyroid storm (sudden attack of hyperthyroidism): stop dental proceedure, give O2, take vitals, give nitroglycerin and call 911
Which is not a form of Hypothyroidism: Hashimotos, cretinism, myxedema, Grave's disease.: Graves = hyper
Cells of the thyroid are ineffiecient in converting iodine to thyroid hormone causing enlargement. Thyroid tissue is then replaced by lymphocytes causing inflamation and primary hypothyroidism in this disease.: hashimotos thyroditis
______thyroidism in infancy due to dietary iodine deficiency causes wide set eyes, coarse facial features, protruding tongue and umbilicus and severe mental retardation (think eric) are manifestations of ________.: hypo-, cretinism
______ is a kind of an version of cretinsm (lethargy,mental slowness, cold intolerance, broad face, tongue enlargement, coarse dry hair): myxedema
Cretinism occurs in ______ while myxedema in _______. Both are forms of ____thyroidism.: infants, late childhood-adult, hypo
______ is the most common cause of primary (endogenous) hyperthyroidism.: graves disease
Graves disease is manifested in 3 ways: pretibial myxedema (thickening of the skin over legs and dorsal foot), bulging eyes (exopthamos), and ________.: thyroxicosis (hyperthyroidism)
Graves disease is (hyper/hypo)secretion of what hormone and is most common in which gender: hyperthyroidism, female 7:1
HLA-DRS is to _____ as HLA DR3 is to _____: non-specific lyphoid thyroiditis ; graves disease
Either sporadic or endemic hyperplasia of the thyroid is referred to as a ______ goiter.: Diffuse non-toxic goiter
The most common cause of hypthyroidism in usa is?: hashimotos thyroditis
Types of thyroiditis include non-specific, hashimoto's, subacute granulomatous and ______.: Reidel's
Non-specific lymphoid thyroiditis is commonly found in (males/females) and shows mild gland enlargement with no ________ centers.: germinal
What autoimmune disease increases the risk of b-cell lymphoma, is more commonly found in females and is characterized histologically by Hurthle cells?: hashimotos thyroditis
Auto antibodies associated with Hashimotos include: anti- thyroid, thyroglobulin, TSH and iodine _________.: receptors
T/F de Quervain's thyroiditis is synonymous with subacute (granulomatous) thyroiditis, causing acute onset granulomatous inflamation.: TRUE
Fibrous tissue replaces normal thyroid tissue in ________ thyroiditis.: Reidel's
Thyroid neoplasms are usually benign? T/F: TRUE
Benign thyroid adenomas cause papillary change. T/F: false
Of the four main subtypes of thyroid carcinomas, papilary, follicular, medullary and anaplastic, which is most common?: Papilary 75-80%
Papilary projections containing ground glass, clear "orphan annie" nuclei are seen in _______ which typically has a good prognosis even when adjacent lymph nodes are invloved.: papillary carcinoma
Prognosis for papillary carcinoma of the thyroid is ______, anaplastic (undifferentiated) carcinoma of thyroid is _____.: good, poor
Medulary carcinoma arises from ________ cells causing secretion of calcitonin. It normally presents as a neck mass in 50-60 years of age and can be associated with: parafolicular (C-cells), MEN syndrome Iia and IIb (III)
Uniform folicles invading surrounding tissue and "cold" nodules are characterisitc of _______.: follicular carcinoma of the thyroid
T/F The parathyroid is stimulated hormonally?: False - [Ca+] decrease --> stimulates osteoclasts, increased renal asn GI absorption Ca+, inc vit D synthesis
Primary hyperparathyroidism is most often caused by ____ or _____ of the glands.: adenoma, hyperplasia
Stones groans moans and bones refers to what disorder: primary hyperparathyroidism
Increased serum phosphorus and decreased serum alkaline phosphatase occur in hyperparathyroidism. T/F: False - other way around
The most common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism is ________.: renal failure
Hypoparathyroidism is less common and usually caused iatrogenically, or in rare instances by DiGeorge's syndrome and is accompanied by two signs _______ and ______.: Chvostek's (unilateral spasm in face by tapping on facial nerve), Trouseau's (hand/arm in tetany position similar to nerve compression)
The adrennal cortex secretes __________, _________, and ________: glucocorticoids (cortisol), Mineralcorticoids (aldosterone), androgens
Which is not a form of adrenal hyperfuction: Cushing's, Hyperaldosteronism (Conn's), Virilism, Addison's: Addison's is hypo
Cushings disease is an increased production of _____, that cuases adrenal (atrophy/hypertrophy): glucocorticoids, atrophy or hypertrophy (****depending on whether it is caused by exogenous corticosteroids being administered (atrophy) or an adrenal or ectopic tumor producing ACTH (hyperplasia))
Which is not a symptom of Cushing's: moon face, buffalo hump, weight gain, extremity muscle wasting, stretch marks, osteoporosis, menstrual abnormalities, hirsutism, mental disturbances, hypertension, glycosuria, increased ACTH.: increased ACTH, Cushing's = dec. ACTH (hypo)
The most common form of Cushing's is caused by _________.: exogenous steroid medications
cushing's syndrome can be caused by adrenal tumor producing cortisol. This causes nodular hyperplasia.: true; true
Hyperaldosteronism causes Na+ retention, K+ excretion and hypertension. T/F: TRUE
An example of _____ hyperaldosteronism is Conn's syndrome which is due to _______ serum renin caused by negative feed back of hypertension.: primary, decreased
secondary aldosteronism is due to renal ischemia, edema or nephroticsyndrome and exhibits _______ serum renin.: increased *** opposite of primary
Adrenal virulism is caused by ____ defects or a ____ of the adrenal cortex producing virulism in females and precocious pubecent males.: enzymatic, tumor (virulism = hyper-aldosteronism)
Adrenal hypofunction (hypocorticism) is characterized by a ____ of glucocorticoids and often mineralcorticoids.: deficiency
Which is not a symptom of Addison's disease: somnolence, cardiac problems, hyperpigmentation, adrenal hypertrophy, weight loss, amenorrhea, loss of pubes (hotcoles still dosen't have any) and muscle weakness.: Hypertrophy is wrong. Addison's = hypocorticism = atrophy of adrenals
Tb was once the most common cause of Addison's but now it is due to _________ adrenal atrophy.: idiopathic/autoimmune
Which two diseases are asssociated with adrenal hypofuncion: addisions' and waterhous-friderichsen disease
Waterhous-friderichsen disease is caused by a _____ collapse often associated with ___.: vascular, DIC (sepsis from meningococcal meningitis)
The rule of tens applies to ___________ which is overproduction of epinephrine, norepinephrine and VMA that causes hypertension.: pheochromocytoma (rule = 10% bilateral, 10% children, 10% malignant)
Pheochromocytoma can be corrected surgically. T/F: TRUE
________ is a highly malignant catacholamine-producing tumor of early childhood (0-3 yrs) presenting as an ________ mass causing hypertension.: neuroblastoma, abdominal
Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes are autosomal ______ in which one or more endocrine organs is ________.: dominant, hyperfunctional
MEN 1 is commonly called _____, linked to chromosome ___ , which causes tumors of the 3 p's: pituitary, _______ and pancrease.: Wermer syndrome, 11, pancrease (not penis you perv)
More than one of the following are involved: pituitary, parathyroid, pancreatic islets, adrenal cortex: MEN I (wermer syndrome)
Sipple syndrome is also called ____. Nearly all have medullary carcinoma of the ______ which is usually multifocal and aggressive.: MEN II, thyroid
MEN II (Sipple) is linked to chromosome 10 and causes ____ of the parathyroid (hyperparathyroidism).: hyperplasia
MEN Iib (MEN III) is simliar to MEN ___, but does not cuase hyperparathyroiditis. It is linked to mutations of the ret proto-oncogene and include pheocytochroma, medullary carcinoma and _______.: Iia (Sipple), oral mucosal neuromas

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