Biology Cell Unit
Terms
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- Robert Hook (1665)
- Discovered and named cells whtn looking under a microscope
- Anton van Leeuwenhoek
- observed tiny living organisms in pond water
- Matthais Schleiden (1838)
- all plants are made of cells
- Theodor Schawnn (1839)
- all animals are made of cells
- Rudolf Virchow (1855)
- new cells are produced by the division of existing cells
- Cell Theory
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All living things are composed of cells
Cells are the basic units of structure and function of all living things.
New cells are produced from existing cells - Light microscope
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produce magnified images by focusing visible light rays
most common magnify about 1000 times - Electron microscope
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produce magnified images by focusing beams of electrons
can focus on very small objects magnification: 2000 times - prokaryotes
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simple cell, NO NEUCLEUS
ex. bacteria - Unicellular
- single celled
- Multicellular
- many cells
- Eukaryotes
- more complex, HAVE NEUCLEUS
- levels of organization
- Cells---Tissues---Organs---Organ systems---Organism
- Tissues
- Group of cells that do the same thing
- Organs
- group of tissues working togther
- organ systems
- a group of organs working together to perform a function
- Cell wall
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found: plant
function(s): provide support and protection for the cell - Cell membrane
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found: both
function(s): controls all that enters and leaves the cell. In multicellular organisms allows self recognition - Neucleus
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found:both
function(s):controls ALL cell activity. Manufactures ribosomes. Stores info needed for the manufacture of proteins.
CONTORL CENTER - Cytoplasm
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found:both
funciton(s):holds organelles in place - Nucleolus
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found:both
function(s):assembly of ribosomes made - endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
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found:both
function(s):transports materials - Smooth ER
- make lipids including the cell membrane
- Rough ER
- proteins are produced
- Ribosome
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found:both
function(s):what proteins are assembled on. produce proteins by following coded instructions from the nucleus. site protein synthesis - Golgi apparatus
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found:both
function(s):pacakages proteins and other materials from ER for storage in cell - Vesicle
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found:both
function(s):holds and transports materials - Vacuole
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found:both
function(s):store materials
ex. water, salts, proteins, carbs - Lysosome
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found:animal (very rare in plant)
function:digestion of lipids, carbs, and proteins into sm. molecules. can be used by rest of cell. breaking down organelles have out lived their usefulness. - Cytoskeleton
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found:both
function(s):helps support cell, maintain its shape