Supreme Court Cases
Terms
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- Gibbons v. Ogden, 1824
- Two steamboat operators debated over their right to run competing steamboat services from NY to NJ. Ogden had a NY license and Gibbons had a federal license.
- Swann v. Mecklenburg, 1969
- The Charlotte-Mecklenburg, NC school system had black students attending schools that were more than 99 percent black. The failure to desegregate violated Brown.
- Regents of UC v. Bakke, 1978
- Alan Bakke was denied admission to the medical school in the University of California even though his scores were higher than those of minority candidates.
- Mapp v. Ohio, 1961
- Mapp was accused of harboring a dangerous criminal. The police searched her house without a warrant and found other illegal material which they used to prosecute her.
- Heart of Atlanta Motel v. US, 1964
- The Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed racial discrimination by places of public accommodation. The Motel refused to accept Black Americans.
- Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896
- Homer Plessy--who was 7/8 Caucasian--took a seat in a "whites only" car of a Louisiana train. He refused to move to the car reserved for blacks and was arrested.
- New Jersey v. TLO, 1985
- A student was suspended after contents were found in their locker. The student appealed the case based on the right of school officials to search lockers without probable cause/warrant.
- State(NC) v. Mann, 1830
- Mann was found guilty in NC courts for killing his slave. He was given a $5 fine. Issue/question: Can white man be convicted for killing a slave, which is considered his property?
- McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819
- The state of Maryland wanted to place a tax on the Bank of the United States. The BUS refused to pay stating that states could not tax the Federal Government.
- Miranda v. Arizona, 1966
- Ernesto Miranda was arrested, interrogated and confessed to rape without the police informing him of his right to remain silent or have an attorney after his arrest.
- Brown v. Board of Ed. Topeka Kansas, 1954
- Linda Brown was denied enrollment in an all white school near her home so she challenged the separate but equal policy of the Topeka school district.
- Miranda v. Arizona, 1966
- Ernesto Miranda was arrested, interrogated and confessed to rape without the police informing him of his right to remain silent or have an attorney after his arrest.
- Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeir, 1988
- The editor of a high school newspaper appealed the principal's decision to censor the paper because it contained articles dealing with student pregnancy and divorce.
- Mapp v. Ohio, 1961
- Mapp was accused of harboring a dangerous criminal. The police searched her house without a warrant and found other illegal material which they used to prosecute her.
- Engel v. Vitale, 1962
- The Board of Regents in NY (school board) authorized a voluntary nondenominational prayer to be recited each school day.
- Korematsu v. US, 1944
- During WWII, after Pearl Harbor, Japanese Americans were ordered to leave their homes on the west coast and live in government camps. Korematsu refused.
- Leandro v. State(NC) (Hoke v. State), 1995\
- Poor NC school systems argued that the state should provide funding for school systems to make them more equal with wealthy school systems.
- Texas v. Johnson, 1989
- A man was arrested for burning an American flag in protest. He argued that the arrest was unconstitutional b/c he was exercising his 1st amendment rights.
- Gideon v. Wainwright, 1963
- Gideon was accused of a felony by Florida and did not have attorney representation because he could not afford one.
- Bethel School District v. Fraser, 1986
- A student was suspended for giving a dirty speech during a school assembly.
- Marbury v. Madison, 1803
- President Adams appointed judges on the last night of his term in office (called "midnight judges"). Not all of the judges received their appointment papers in time and the new President, Jefferson, refused to recognize their right to the appointments.
- Tinker v. Des Moines, 1969
- Three public school students wore black arm bands to school to protest the Vietnam War. The students were suspended from school for causing distraction.
- Schenck v. US, 1919
- During WWI Schenck protested the war and encouraged men not to enlist in the army. He was arrested under the Espionage Act.