Science 2nd Quarter Exam
Terms
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- Three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait.
- Multiple alleles
- A person who has 1 recessive allele for a trait and 1 dominant allele, but does not have the trait.
- Carrier
- A chart or "family tree" that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait.
- Pedigree
- A technique by which a small amount of the fluid that surrounds a developing baby is removed; the fluid is analyzed to determine whether the baby will have a genetic disorder.
- Amniocentesis
- A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs.
- Karyotype
- An organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced.
- Clone
- All of the DNA in 1 cell of an organism.
- Genome
- A group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring.
- Species
- A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce.
- Adaptation
- The process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than other members of the same species.
- Natural Selection
- Any difference between individuals of the same species.
- Variation
- The preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived in the past.
- Fossil
- A fossil formed when minerals replaced all or part of an organism.
- Petrified Fossil
- A technique used to determine which of 2 fossils is older.
- Relative Dating
- A technique used to determine the actual age of a fossil.
- Absolute Dating
- The time it takes for half of the atoms in a radioactive element to break down.
- Half-life
- A species that does not have any living members.
- Extinct
- The theory that species evolve during short periods of rapid change.
- Punctuated Equilibria
- The process of change that occurs during an organism's life to produce a more complex organism.
- Development
- A change in an organism's surroundings that causes the organism to react.
- Stimulus
- An action or change in behavior that occurs as a result of a stimulus.
- Response
- The mistaken idea that living things arise from nonliving sources.
- Spontaneous Generation
- An organism that makes its own food.
- Autotroph
- An organism that can't make its own food.
- Heterotroph
- The maintenance of stable internal conditions despite changes in the surroundings.
- Homeostasis
- The scientific study of how living things are classified.
- Taxonomy
- The naming system for organisms in which each organism is given a 2-part name- a genus name and a species name.
- Binomial Nomenclature
- A classification grouping that consists of a number of similar closely related species.
- Genus
- A group of similar organisms that can make and produce fertile offspring in nature.
- Species
- The process by which species gradually change over time.
- Evolution
- An organism whose cells lack a nucleus and some other cell structures.
- Prokaryote
- An organism with cells that contain nuclei and other cell structures.
- Eukaryote