Western Civ Semester II
a comprehensive guide to the second semester of civ which will be updated continuously with names, dates, terms, quotes, and more. send me a pm if you want something added
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Symphony No. 5
- a work by Beethoven displaying motivic consistency, psychological progresion, and rhythmic drive
- Garnier
- designer of the grand Parisian opera house
- Tycho Brahe
- the first astronomer to have an observatory (and perhaps my favorite scientist as well)
- Rembrandt
- a Dutch painter famous for his group portraits
- prepared piano
- an invention of John Cage in which something is done to piano strings before they are played
- Delacroix
- French painter, Gericault's "successor"
- Bach
- a German "master of styles"
- public sphere
- idea of free discussion/debate
- National Assembly
- "Pecuniary privileges, personal or real, in the payment of taxes are abolished forever. Taxes shall be collected from all the citizens, and from all property, in the same manner, and in the same form. " (governmental body that wrote).
- basso continuo
- bass, harmony, and rhythm, the "crust" of the Baroque pizza
- Robespierre
- leader of the Jacobins, known for a reign of terror
- Immanuel Kant
- "Through laziness and cowardice a large part of manking, even after nature has freed them from alien guidance gladly remain immature." (1775)
- Descartes
- a philosopher who tried to connect existence and thought (breaking a few big laws of philosophy while at it)
- Verdi
- opera writer during italian unification
- superego
- society's restricrtions on id
- De Chirico
- mysterious and melancholic fantasy painter
- Dada
- anti-artistic artistic movement
- Napoleonic Wars
- Napoleon's desire to take over
- proleteriat
- the new social class of urban workers
- Musorgsky
- Russian musical nationalist
- Stravinskiy
- an early ecstatic modernist
- Louis-Philippe
- bourgeoisie king
- market system
- the idea developed in the industrial revolution of selling surplus agriculture
- Balzac
- "Money brings everything to you; even your daughters." (1830s)
- Galileo
- "Having arrived at any certanties in physics, we ought to utilize these as the most appropriate aids in the true exposition of the Bible and in the investigation of those meanings which are necessarily contained herein, for these must be concordant with demonstrated truths." (1615)
- da capo
- literally "from the top"
- appeasement
- the way that europe let germany get back some land without defending it at all
- development
- the body of a sonata essay
- Chopin
- a Polish-born writer of character pieces (ie nocturnes) and dances
- Dali
- distortionist surrealist painter
- nihilism
- there is no external validity to set moral values
- Porter
- Anything Goes, composer
- Means of Production
- what the bourgeoisie own
- gestural style
- Pollock's style of painting based on artist's motion
- Mazzini
- early Italian romantic nationalist
- Scholasticism
- the pre-scientific revolution attempt to bring together science and religion
- Darwin
- an English scientist famous for the theories of natural selection and evolution
- comedia dell'arte
- a production with a plot involving someone from a lower class having the upper hand
- La Grande Jatte
- the Seurat painting composed primarily of dots of color
- Napoleon
- "My power proceeds from my reputation, and my reputation from the victories I have won." (author)
- idee fixe
- Berlioz's idea of transforming a theme throughout the symphony to give it meaning (no accent)
- Death of Sardanapalus
- Delacroix brings us a very fancy suicide (1827)
- Berlin Wall
- "To call it a wall doesn't really do it justice."
- Salon de Refuses
- the museum of rejected artwork
- Archduke Ferdinand
- Austro-Hungarian archduke assasinated in serbia
- Newton
- "We are to admit no more causes of natural thigns than such as are both true and sufficient to explain their appearances." (1700)
- Conservatism
- "This evil may be described in one word - presumption; the natural effect of the rapid progression of the human mind towards the perfectiong of so many things. This it is which at the present day leads so many individuals astray, for it has become an almost universal sentiment." (1820, political philosophy)
- Insane Woman
- one of a series of Gericault paintings about people in asylums
- Monogram
- the Rauschenberg with a goat that might mean nothing at all
- episode
- a section of a fugue in which the subject is not present
- Les Desmoiselles d'Avignon
- the original cubist painting (1900s)
- ragtime
- first style of jazz
- Truman Doctrine
- "I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures." (document)
- chamber music
- "domestic" music with a person for each part
- exit aria
- when one by one a character sings an aria and leaves until the stage is empty
- July Ordinances
- a set of conservative laws passed by Charles X
- pierrot lunaire
- schoenberg's clown
- tenements
- crowded apartments in which urban workers lived
- cold war
- USA vs USSR, yuck
- triple entente
- France, Britain, Russia
- Impressionism
- a style with emphasis on how the eye sees light
- Watteau
- "Island of Cythera" painter
- salon
- a spot in which Enlightenment scholars gathered to discuss&debate
- minimalism
- style of reducing art down to formal elements
- Liberalism
- principle of individual authority
- Chamberlain
- "The races of mankind are markedly different in nature, and also in the extent of their gift, and the Germanic races belong to the most highly gifted group, the group usually termed Aryan." 1900
- John Locke
- "This legislative is not only the supreme power of the commonwealth, but sacred and unalterable in the hands where the community have once placed it." (1700)
- Cupid Held A-Captive
- a painting where things aren't looking good for Cupid. Or are they?
- Ives
- dissonant US composer - Holidays Symphony
- CLIP CLOP
- formal elements mnemonic- color-light-perspective composition-line-paint (medium)
- Grande Odalisque
- an early romantic erotic work by Ingres
- Darwin
- "... individuals having any advantage, however slight, over others ... have the best chance of surviving and procreating their kind" (1859)
- Marx
- "The immediate aim of the Communists is the same as that of all the other proleterian parties: formation of the proletariat into a class, overthrow of the bourgeois supremacy, conquest of political power by the proleteriat." (1848)
- Goya
- a Spanish painter who lead the transition to the Romantic period
- Truman
- ends WW2 by bombing Japan
- The Swing
- "the receiver general of the goods offered by the clergy" enough said.
- minuet
- a medium-tempo ABA dance
- Mazzini
- "But, you tell me, you cannot attempt united action, distinct and divided as you are in language, customs, tendencies, and capacity. The individual is too insignificant, and Humanity too vast." (1860)
- bel canto
- beautiful singing in opera
- fragmentation
- taking motive apart
- Schumann
- a composer who painted musical portraits of himself and his wife
- Nietzsche
- the Irrationalist philosopher
- Picasso
- artist of many styles, most famous for cubism
- Montegiueu
- liked the English idea of govt.
- Vermeer
- a Dutch genre painter
- string quartet
- violins, viola, and cello, later accompanied by the piano
- Extreme Nationalism
- the beginnings of racism/antisemitism- nationalism to the Aryan race
- Braque
- artist who used almost nothing but cubism
- Raft of the Medusa
- a Gericault painting about somewhat hopeful shipwrecked people (1818)
- Schroon Mountain
- an American romantic landscape painting of a triangular mountain, with hidden people (1830)
- Rousseau
- an early Illuminatus who believed in democracy
- Gaugin
- a post-impressionist painter who couldn't stay in the same place
- The Four Seasons
- Vivaldi's work of 4 concertos set to sonnets
- No Man's Land
- unused space between trenches
- David
- a neoclassical French revolutionary painter
- Bavarian Illuminati
- a society (re)started by Adam W(hose surname I cant spell) that emphasized ownership of life liberty and property
- Holbach
- "The civilized man, is he whom experience and social life have enabled to draw from nature the means of his own happiness..." (1775)
- Deism
- the concept of a god creating the universe, but stopping at that
- Chartism
- "Required, as we are universally, to support and obey the laws, nature and reason entitle us to demad that in the making of the laws the universal voice shall be implicitly listened to."(1838, polit philo)
- Rain, Steam, and Speed
- trains, weather, bridges, and a rabbit? (1840)
- subject
- the melody of a fugue
- Rue Transnonain, April 15, 1834
- the aftermath of a workers' protest, 1834
- Churchill
- british leader who decides to fight WW2
- concerto grosso
- a concerto featuring multiple soloists
- lieder
- art songs for piano
- Hogarth
- English satirical painter of aristocracy
- genre painting
- a Dutch style of painting emphasizing everyday life
- Spencer
- "... we must call those spurious philanthropists who, to prevent present misery, would entail greater misery on future generations." (1851, author)
- Remarque
- "Prices have been soaring everywhere for months, and the poverty is even greater than it was during the war."
- colonialism
- what England used with its industry to gain wealth
- ritornello
- the returning part played by the orchestra that starts and ends a piece
- German Revolution of 1848
- "At Cologne, on the 3rd of March, the populace assembled in crowds before the Stadthaus, or town hall, where the town council were sitting, and demanded the concession of certain rights, which were inscribed on slips of paper and handed about amongst the mob... The military were, however, called out, and the streets were cleared without much difficulty."
- Italian Futurists
- artists who thought italy should stop living in Rome's past
- walking bass
- bass that plays in equal units
- fugue
- systemized form of imitative polyphony
- Pilgrimage to the Island of Cythera
- a Rococo painting about people and their lovers
- Beethoven
- the composer who takes us into the Romantic period
- symphony
- a classical 4 movt musical form that goes fast-slow-dance-fast
- Revolution of Proleteriat
- Marx's belief that the lower classes would eventually take over
- Berlin
- Top Gun Alley resident & composer
- Mauru
- a woodcut, 1890s
- Irrationalism
- the philosophy that humans are not rational by nature
- Spirit of the Dead Watching
- a reclining nude about to die
- chromaticism
- same steps between notes
- Jacobins
- the radical group in the National Assembly, controlled the radical phase of revolution
- Tahiti Paintings
- paintings Gaugin did while in Tahiti
- retrograde inversion
- one of schoenberg's inventions: taking a series, playing it backwards, and taking every note down a key
- Victor Emmanuel
- first king of unified Italy
- superman
- Nietzshe's idea of someone to who society's principles didnt apply
- Bartok
- the key-banging composer
- Family of Charles IV
- an 1800 Goya portrait of a royal family
- Total War
- war in which the whole population is in some way involved
- automatism
- letting art be made of the first thing that comes to mind
- Brandenburg Concertos
- Bach's writings for the visiting royalty (1725)
- Marx
- a German philosopher who believed strongly in equality and lower-class rights
- Fragonard
- "The Swing" painter
- Origin of Species
- Darwin's first book about natural selection
- joplin
- worked with ragtime
- Aida
- a musical love story set in Egypt
- Friedrich
- a romantic landscape artist known for his somewhat macabre depictions of nature
- John Locke
- life, liberty, and property
- Thomas Paine
- "My own mind is my own church." (1800)
- Ludwig II
- german king that wagner impresses
- Diderot
- the compiler of the 28 book enlightenment encyclopedia
- Cavour
- tries to make ties to France via war with Austria
- Hoffman
- "The russians are fighting desperately like wild beasts, don't give themselves up, but come up close and then throw grenades. "(WW2, author)
- Vivaldi
- a Baroque concerto-writer who taught at an orphanage
- Manet
- a controversial realist painter of nudes
- Enlightenment
- a period based off of the scientific revolution that emphasized rationality in society and politics
- Oath of the Tennis Court
- a David painting about a very excited group of people (1789)
- Bentham
- "A measure of government... may be said to be conformable to or dictated by the principle of utility, when in like manner the tendency which it has to augment the happiness of the community is greater than any which it has to diminish it" (1789, author)
- Haydn
- the father of the viennese classical style, known for string quartets and symphonies, as well as for his jokes
- Conservatism
- political philosophy associated with Metternich based on keeping traditions
- Yellow Christ
- a religious painting which an unrealistic choice of color
- Natural Selection
- the theory that organisms with desirable traits survive
- Obama
- the 44th president of the United States
- Napoleon
- "I can understand how it was that men worn out by the turmoil of the Revolution, and afraid of that liberty which had long been associated with death, looked for repose under the dominion of an able ruler on whom fortune was seemingly revolved to smile." (who is the able ruler?)
- Hauser
- "What did it remind me of? Of the War, of the worst periods of starvation in 1917 and 1918, but even then, people paid for their potatoes..." (Interwar years)
- Russian Revolution
- "The Provisional Government wishes to add that it has no intention of taking advantage of the existence of war conditions to delay the realization of the above-mentioned measures of reform." (event described)
- recital
- a concert featuring only one soloist/virtuoso
- Durkheim
- a critic of Irrationalism
- id
- the subconscious, irrational force
- au plein air
- the new custom of painting outdoors
- Gouges
- "Liberty and justice consist of restoring all that belongs to others; thus, the only limits on the exercise of the natural rights of woman are perpetual male tyranny; these limits are to be reformed by the laws of nature and reason."
- opera buffa
- Mozart's not-so-serious opera
- Slave Ship
- a painting of some slaves not arriving to their destination (1840)
- Le Dejeuner
- (first two words) painting about a woman who took of her clothes at a picnic. 1860
- Declaration of Independence
- "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal... with certain unalienable rights... life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness." (document without article)
- Collage Arranged According to the Laws of Chance
- Arp's 1916 lucky collage
- Cahier
- "... the nation should hereafter be subject only to such laws and taxes as it shall itself freely ratify." (1789), the "genre" of the quote
- Napoleonic Code
- laws written by Napoleon, such as free religion, that applied to everyone equally
- Rococo
- the French style period dating around 1750 that is more scaled back that the Baroque
- Stromberg
- The sobering lesson was that war could happen without anybody seeming to want it or will it." (world war 1, author)
- Surrealism
- art involving tapping into the subconscious
- exposition
- the intro of a sonata essay
- World War I
- Austria and allies vs Balkans and allies
- impasto
- molding brushstrokes onto the canvas so that they seem raised
- MEAN NURSE
- romanticism mnemonic: macabre-emotional-artistic fusion-nature nostalgia-unique-revolt-supernatural-exoticism
- Reading
- a Morisot painting about a household activity, emphasizing lighting, 1880s
- Testimony for the Factory Act of 1833
- "I have observed frequently children carried to factories, unable to walk, and that entirely owing to excessive labour and confinement." (name of document)
- Friar by the Sea
- Friedrich's godlike depiction of nature (1820)
- Until Death
- a 1798 Goya painting about a woman searching for her youth
- steam engine
- an invention that enabled factories to be located anywhere
- Concordat of 1801
- an agreement Napoleon made with the pope
- mystic abyss
- wagnerian orchestra pit
- Copland
- later American modernist who simplified music to preserve serenity
- Berlioz
- a Romantic composer who had some really strange ideas, some of which came from Beethoven
- visual shorthand
- the use of the minimal possible amount of brushstrokes
- The Communist Manifesto
- a description of a political theory that likes equality, the working class, and realy doesn't like private property
- Louis XV
- the French king who decided to move from Versailles to Paris
- Disasters of War
- a series of etchings by Goya satiricizing war
- Empiricism
- the idea of not accepting truth without verification
- Sans Culottes
- non-nobles not in the assembly, who also lacked nice pants
- castrato
- a singer in the most popular group of Baroque opera
- Coronation of Napoleon
- an 1805 David painting of Napoleon set in Notre Dame (or was it the Temple of Reason?)
- aleatory
- style of music with time controlled by chance
- Henrey
- "Even for a very ordinary housewife living with her baby in the west end, St Paul's could never for long be out of her mind."
- Arctic Shipwreck
- a painting about a huge block of ice, and a ship off to the side somewhere (1815)
- Remusat
- "I can understand how it was that men worn out by the turmoil of the Revolution, and afraid of that liberty which had long been associated with death, looked for repose under the dominion of an able ruler on whom fortune was seemingly revolved to smile." (1800- author)
- Hopper
- painter, Nighthawks
- minuet
- a triple AA BA BA dance
- counterpoint
- in fugue, the eventual harmonization of the parts
- Death of Socrates
- a David painting about a very honorable suicide (1787)
- Clouds
- Debussy's dissonant masterpiece
- Oath of the Horatii
- a David history painting about a family involved with war (1784)
- Renoir
- a half-realist half-impressionist painter
- Liberalism
- "The wealth of the whole community is composed of the wealth of the several individuals belonging to it taken together." (1798, polit philo)
- power loom
- a water-powered machine used to produce textiles
- militant patriotism
- public support of WWI
- Galileo
- the scientist/astronomer who began to accept the idea of natural rather than religious law - though he ended up getting into trouble with the latter
- Pollock
- Abstract Expressionist who incorporated dancing into his work in a slightly different way than Degas
- Kennan
- sent a controverisal telegram
- Blitzkrieg
- a term referring to the electricity with which the war operated
- Wollstonecraft
- "... if she be not prepared by education to become the companion of man, she will stop the progress of knowledge and virtue..." (1800)
- sublime
- awe-inspiring
- Austro-Prussian War
- a war during which Bismarck seizes the northern parts of Germany
- Ponomaryov
- "The USA decided to take advantage of the economic and political difficulties in the other leading capitalist countries and bring them under its sway." (cold war, author)
- Fantastic Symphony
- one of the first symphonies to actually mean something, Berlioz
- Total War
- "The food question is always the most important topic of the day. The less there is of it, the more do we talk of it." (1917, concept
- Metternich
- "This evil may be described in one word - presumption; the natural effect of the rapid progression of the human mind towards the perfectiong of so many things. This it is which at the present day leads so many individuals astray, for it has become an almost universal sentiment." (1820, author)
- Thrace
- location on Balkan peninsula, Bartok's area of study
- Schonberg
- the incomprehensible head of the new vienesse trinity
- White Man's Burden
- the racist and socially darwinistic idea that white men are supposed to civilize the savages in Asia and Africa
- Hitler
- "The end is not only the end of the freedom of the peoples oppresed by the Jew, but also the end of its parasite upon the nations." (1920)
- League of Combat
- Mussolini's coup
- Garibaldi
- a sicilian romantic nationalist
- Rothko
- the father of the color field styles of painting
- speech song
- a song with the music to it written in appropriate pitches
- oratorio
- a type of religious (old testament), less theatrical opera
- avant-garde
- pushing the boundaries of art
- opera seria
- Handel's serious opera
- Descartes
- "The first rule was never to receive anything as a truth which I did not clearly know to be such." (1625)
- Van Gogh
- the earless crazy guy who also painted
- The Hay Wain
- an 1821 bucolic painting by Constable
- Bismarck
- "Many measures which we have adopted to the great blessing of our country are Socialistic and the state will have to accustom itself to a little more Socialism yet." (1860)
- Robespierre
- "..virtue without which terror is murderous, terror without which virtue is powerless..."
- Thermidorean Reaction
- the aftermath of the revolution
- Messiah
- Handel's most famous oratorio
- Bayreuth
- Wagner's opera house
- Kennan
- "The Munich agreement was a tragically misconcieved and desperate act at the cost of the Czechoslovak state... in the vain hope that it would satisfy Hitler's stormy ambition and thus secure for Europe a peaceful future."
- appeasers
- "They were men confronted with real problems, doing their best in the circumstances of their time." (Taylor, who were they?)
- Ethnomusicology
- Bartok/Kodaly philo of using trad. folk songs in new pieces
- Owen
- "Dulce et decorum est pro patria morir" (world war 1, author)
- Great Depression
- 1929 stock market crash and the problems that followed
- Congress of Vienna
- gathering of aristocrats to try to bring back ideas of revolution (1815)
- Johns
- Pop Art painter, flags
- Mary Casatt
- American Impressionist painter
- Truman Doctrine
- US has to stop evil commies from getting everywhere
- Arthur Young
- "One opinion pervaded the whole company, that they are on the eve of some great revolution in the government: tjat everything points to it: the confusion in the finances great..." (1789)
- Rousseau
- "Each of us puts his person and all his power in common under the supreme direction of the general will, and, in our corporate capacity, we receive each member as an indivisible part of the whole." (1750)
- Danish War
- the first part of German unification
- Napoleon Crossing the Alps
- an 1800 David equestrian portrait of Napoleon
- fermata
- an indefinite rest within a musical piece
- Woman With Coffee Pot
- a conical woman and a cyllindrical coffee pot
- Lebenstraum
- the Aryans need more of this
- Ptolemy
- an early astronomer who came up with Epicycles - the solar system is composed of bodies moving in small irregular patterns
- Guernica
- Picasso's grand war mural
- sequence
- a small part of a melody moved about the scales
- Metternich
- an Austrian trying to restore balance in europe
- synthetic cubism
- building up a form with large basic shapes (ie collage)
- Debussy
- musical impressionist
- free enterprise
- private property based system
- tonality
- piece that is in a set key
- Freemasons
- a secret Enlightenment society, a predecessor of the modern-day Illuminati
- Sieyes
- "The Third Estate embraces then all that which belongs to the nation; and all that which is not the Third Estate, cannot be regarded as being of the nation. What is the Third Estate? It is the whole." (1789)
- Open Door Policy
- the American policy preventing interference in trade with Asia
- John Cage
- aleatory composer who based work on zen teachings
- Moulin de la Galette
- a scene of a busy dance "club"
- Migrant Mother
- 1936 Lange photograph of an unhappy worker
- Copernicus
- the first astronomer to consider the heliocentric system
- Stone Breakers
- a family who break stones all day. 1849
- Duchamp
- cubist to dada artist, known for his pretty urinal
- polytonality
- tonality on top of tonality
- Napoleon
- a French military leader who took over the govt. after the Revolution
- Diderot
- "The philosopher forms his principles upon an infinity of individual observations." (1750)
- Quinine Prophylaxis
- cure for malaria-enabled imperialism to happen
- Triple Alliance
- Germany. Austria-Hungary, Italy
- expressionism
- expressing emotions in art
- Estates General
- parliament representing the three estates
- The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
- "The aim of all political association is the preservation of the natural and imprescriptible rights of man. These rights are liberty, property, security, and resistance to opression." (full name of document)
- New Imperialism
- a type of imperialism largely based on conquest of Africa and Asia
- Belgian Congo
- one of the first imperialistic colonies in Africa, established at the beginning of scramble
- Treaty of Versailles
- ended WWI
- Third of May 1808
- an 1814 Goya painting about the Spanish resistance to Napoleon
- Smiles
- "The spirit of self-help is the root of all general growth in the individual; and, exhibited in the lives of many, it constitutes the true source of national vigor and strength." (1860)
- Wilhelm II
- Bismarck's successor
- New Deal
- FDRs state political intervention program
- totalitarianism
- complete govt. control of life
- Monet
- eptiomical Impressionist and series painter
- ode to joy
- the first symphony (actually, movement of a symphony) to incorporate a chorus/soloists
- analytical cubism
- painting from multiple perspectives
- zips
- Newman's stripes
- laissez-faire
- govt. has little say in economy
- Voltaire
- "The English constitution has, in fact, arrived at that point of excellence, in consequence of which all men are restored to their natural rights, which, in nearly all monarchies, they are deprived of." (1775)
- Handel
- a British opera composer
- Eroica Symphony
- what Beethoven originally wrote for Napoleon
- committee of public safety
- the french revolutionary KGB
- Russian revolution
- 1917 event causing russia to leave WWI
- motoric rhythm
- a constant, quick-moving rhythm
- Franco-Prussian War
- the result of this war caused the Austrians to leave Germany
- Joliclerc
- "Our life, our wealth, and our talents do not belong to us. It is to the nation, la patrie, that all that belongs."
- Louis XVIII
- post Napoleonic French king
- Marshall Plan
- US has to stop evil commies in order to rebuild post ww2 europe
- Night Watch
- Rembrandts militia (1650)
- Burial of Ornans
- Courbet painting about a very normal funeral
- Pearl Harbor
- 1941 event leading to US war involvement
- Freud
- austian scientist famous for his work on psychoanalysis
- Fouche
- "As to the government's police abroad, it haad two essential objects, namely, to watch friendly powers, and counteract hostile governments." (1800 author)
- japonisme
- taking from the Japanese style
- Beaux art
- French style of artistic beauty
- leitmotif
- small musical idea that represnts something
- Birth of Venus
- Cabarel's depiction of a goddess
- pointilism
- Seurat's pointed invention
- Nationalism
- devotion to la patrie
- sonata
- musical form of an essay
- Sandford
- "To be useful, a woman must have feeling." (1840s)
- Night Cafe
- a van gogh painting about a midnight home with an unstable pool table
- Social Darwinism
- "... we must call those spurious philanthropists who, to prevent present misery, would entail greater misery on future generations." (1851, theory)
- trio
- the B minuet in the movement
- heliocentric
- the system in which planents move around the sun rather than the earth
- Mozart
- a total musical beast who wrote like 600 pieces in his 35 years
- Balkans
- turkish land - main group Serbs
- Social Darwinism
- the belief that characteristics like social classes are inherited
- Degas
- a painter fascinated at one point by ballerinas
- Berlin Conference
- Bismarck's conference in which he established an "occupy to claim" policy
- sound poem
- dada style song based on repititions of sound
- Olympia
- a Manet reclining nude/prostitute
- Blucher
- "The food question is always the most important topic of the day. The less there is of it, the more do we talk of it." (1917, author)
- Cezanne
- post-impressionist shape-based painter
- Abbey in the Oak Forest
- some monks and some gothic arch. make up this 1810 painting
- democratic centralism
- communist democracy
- Warhol
- leader of Pop Art style who often never even touched his work
- Wagner
- a composer of music dramas living during german unification known for his antisemitism
- American Gothic
- father, daughter, a window, and a pitchfork, 1930 wood
- Gericault
- a Romantic French artist known for painting the macabre, as well as for his political critiques
- Liszt
- a romantic composer who wrote recitals, character pieces, and lots of virtuosity
- Munich Conference
- a failed pre-ww2 peace conference
- douglas
- American painter, what's up with his lightning bolt?
- Trench Warfare
- fighting from trenches
- Lawrence
- Painter, Migration Series
- William I
- king of Prussia during German unification
- Anderson & Zinsser
- "In the salon, a woman could meet and marry a man of superior social rank or wealth." (1988)
- Treitschke
- "The idea of perpetual peace is an illusion supported by those of weak character. It has always been the weary, spirited, and exhausted ages which had played with the dream of perpetual peace."
- erlkonig
- a Schubert lied about a happy little elf and the fun games he plays with a little boy
- Disraeli
- "See, too, these emerge from the bowels of the earth! Infants of four and five years of age, many of them girls, pretty and still soft and timid,; entrusted with the fullfilment of responsible duties, the very nature of which entails on them the necessity of being the earliest to enter the mine and the latest to leave it." (1850)
- Ring Cycle
- 4 operas, 16 hours
- Harlem Renaissance
- artistic movement of the 1920s and 30s during the black migration
- Marriage a la Mode
- a series of 6 Hogarth paintings about a not-so-successful marriage
- Ballet Rehearsal on Stage
- a not-so-graceful gathering of graceful dancers, 1870s
- rubato
- a romantic style of tempo, in which time is "robbed" - that is, it is flexible and changing
- Carlsbad Decrees
- "The confederated governments mutually pledge themselves to remove from the universities...all teachers who... propagate harmful doctines hostile to public order or subversive of existing governmental institutions..." (1819)
- Reinsurance Treaty
- short-lived peace treaty with russia
- Real politik
- the realist system of Nationalism based on Machiavelli
- character piece
- a short piano piece with a descriptive title
- Bastille
- the location of a prison stormed during the beginning of the french revolution
- Mussolini
- Italian fascist military leader
- recapitulation
- the conclusion of a sonata essay
- Death of Marat
- a David painting about a guy who got killed in the tub (1793)
- ground bass
- basso ostinato, a type of musical form in which the bass "grinds away"
- Carbonari
- secret nationalist societies in italy
- Pan-Slavism
- Russia's desire to unify
- Turner
- romantic landscape painter
- Tristan
- "The workers' union to choose and pay a defender who shall represent the working class before the nation... so as to establish universal acceptance of this class' right to exist..." (1840s)
- atonality
- avoidance of a primary key
- keynes
- came up with the idea that governments should stimulate economy.
- Haussmanization
- rebuilding France for Louis-Napoleon's benefit
- Third Class Carriage
- it's a third-class family... on a carriage Daumier 1862
- Paganini
- a Delacroix painting of a relaxed virtuoso (1820s)
- Concert of Europe
- alliance of European powers
- Peace Conference
- president wilson's conference to create peace after world war 1
- interwar years
- 1919-1939 (WW1-WW2)
- VanDerZee
- American photographer interested in capturing harlem
- Louis-Napoleon
- the ruler that takes power after the 1848 revolution and recreates empire
- Gershwin
- porcy and bess writer/composer
- Diderot
- "In condensing to dictionary form all that concerns the arts and sciences, it remained necessary to make people aware of the assistance they lend each other..." (1750)
- Daumier
- the first true Realist
- Newton
- the "synthesiser" who came up with the law of universal gravitation
- Spencer
- connected Darwin's ideas to society and economy
- Bismarck
- a prussian who took some drastic measures to unify germany
- American Scene
- seperate american artists working on art for a national identity
- history painting
- a large-scale painting that depicts a historical event and has a universal moral message
- Engels
- "The way in which the vast mass of the poor are treated by modern society is truly scandalous. They are herded into great cities where they can breathe a fouler air than in the countryside which they have left" etc. (1840)
- ego
- the reasoning self
- republicanism
- an early step towards democracy, allowing people some say in govt.
- Laux
- "They would not again accept the view that a government must interfere as little as possible in the operation of the economic system."
- Lichenstein
- drew based on popular comics
- Judd
- Juddddddddddddd, a minimalist
- propaganda
- political advertising
- orchestration
- the art of using the orchestra
- Hitler
- advocate of extreme racial nationalism
- Leopold II
- a Belgian king who got the idea to establish colonies in Africa
- Mussolini
- "The Fascist accepts life and loves it, ... concieves of life as duty and struggle and conquest..." (1930s)
- Boucher
- "Cupid Held A-Captive" painter
- program music
- music with a story, instrumental word painting
- Courbet
- a controversial Realist
- scherzo
- the joke with which Beethover replaced the minuet
- Kepler
- the astronomer who proved Copernicus's idea
- coup d'etat
- military overthrow of government