Full History Stuffidy
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- Magellan
- Which explorer found a strait at the southern tip of South America
- Raleigh
- He gave Virginia its name and founded the Roanoke island colony
- adze
- a tool, like an axe, but the blade crosswise to the handle
- silk and spices
- Of all Asian goods, what did Europeans prize the most?
- Francis Marion
- man who led a secret group of guerilla fighters against the British
- He feared they would not allow visits to the city.
- Why did Pope Urban II call on all Christians to retake the city of Jerusalem from the Muslims?
- Northwest Arkansas
- Where did the Osage live?
- 1st Continental Congress
- When in 1774 delegates debated the best way to respond to abuse by British authorities
- Propaganda
- stories and images designed to support a certain point of view
- Renaissance
- a rebirth of European interest in Ancient Greece and Rome
- No families/No skilled workers/Poor site for settlement
- Why did Jamestown have such a rough start?
- "Taxation without representation"
- Colonists slogan
- disease and malnutrition
- Why did 3/4 of Patriot troops die at Valley Forge?
- loyalists
- colonists who considered it their duty to remain loyal to Britain
- Plymouth Rock
- Pilgrims established what colony in Massachusetts?
- To determine the number of knights each lord owed and to establish taxes throughout the kingdom
- Why did William of Normandy create the Domesday Book?
- their trade with the colonists was suffering
- Why did British merchants want Parliament to repeal the Stamp Act?
- plantations
- large farms specializing in 1 crop
- Mayflower Compact
- legal contract signed by Pilgrims to create BFFs
- Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay
- 3 authors of the Federalists Papers (in order of awesomeness)
- Stamp Act
- required colonists to pay for an official stamp whenever they bought paper items
- ivory
- The Askum Kingdom of East Africa gained much of its wealth by trading what?
- Southwest Arkansas
- Where did the Caddo live?
- Beringia
- How did the first Americans enter America?
- He let his troops off for the holidays so the Patriots could regroup
- How did General Howe screw up?
- loess
- wind-blown dirt
- Sugar Act
- set duties on molasses and suger imported by the colonists
- maize
- corn
- deer skins
- What type of animal skin did Arkansas Post want most?
- Vespucci
- He was the explorer who believed the Americans weren't islands but continents
- La Salle
- He claimed the Mississippi River Valley for the king of France by claiming any water connected to the Mississippi River
- capital
- money or property that is used to earn more money
- executive
- governmental branch consisting of the president and vice-president
- minutemen
- militia members who could be ready to fight at a moment's notice
- Arkansas Post
- only revolutionary war battle fought west of the Mississippi River
- artifacts
- objects made by humans
- republic
- a type of government in which a head of state is elected and the people hold the political power
- Bill of Rights
- added strength and flexibility to the Constitution
- Quebec
- the turning point for England in the French and Indian war
- Great Awakening
- unorganized, widespread movement of Christian sermons and meetings
- Conquistadores
- Spanish soldiers who brought the spirit of the Reconquista to the Americas
- colony
- settlement
- kivas
- circular ceremonial rooms that were first built by the Mogollon
- Between 38,000 and 10,000 BC
- When did the Paleo-Indians enter North America?
- Marion's Brigade
- secret group of guerilla fighters led by Francis Marion
- Johannes Gutenberg
- Who invented the movable type printing press?
- slaves
- the 3/5 Compromise counted 3/5 of who or what as every state's population?
- He could sail from Europe to the West and reach Asia
- What was Christy Colomby's bold idea?
- kayaks
- 1-person canoes almost completely enclosed in animal skins
- indentured servants
- people who signed a contract to work 4-7 years for people who paid their ship fare to America
- Andean Mountains
- Where did the Inca civilization develop?
- Protestants
- reformers who protested practices of the Catholic Church
- longhouses
- rectangular dwellings made from logs and bark
- Battle of Lexington
- battle with the shot heard round the world
- Treaty of Paris of 1783
- it established British recognition of the United States and laid out the new country's borders
- militia
- civilians serving as soldiers
- alluvial
- refers to soil left behind by rivers
- Battle of Yorktown
- where General Cornwallis surrendered to American troops on October 19, 1781
- delegates from big states
- Who supported the Virginia plan?
- Mississippian Tradition
- During what Native American tradition was corn introduced and an advance in technical skills?
- Leif Eriksson
- Who established Vinland?
- checks n' balances
- system to keep 1 branch of government from getting too powerful
- casualties
- people who are killed, captured, wounded, or missing in war
- 85
- How many essays were in the Federalists' Papers?
- igloos
- dome shelters built of blocks of ice
- archaelogy
- the study of the unwritten past
- legislative
- governmental branch consisting of a two-house Congress
- mercenaries
- hired foreign soldiers
- South of the Ozark Mountains
- Where is the Arkansas River Valley?
- atlatl
- a throwing stick which made a spear go farther and faster
- Battle of Trenton
- before this battle, George Washington led his troops across the Delaware River
- Middle Ages
- a period of time in Europe from the late AD 400s until around AD 1350
- Pizarro
- He was a Spanish soldier who conquered Incas of Peru
- executive
- governmental branch that includes the administrative department of the government
- caravel
- a small but sturdy ship designed to be fast and maneuverable
- pioneers
- people who first settle an area
- Boston Harbor closed off until the lost tea was paid for/Massachusetts' charter was cancelled/Quartering Act/Trials of royal officials were moved to Britain
- What were the 4 Intolerable Acts?
- guerilla
- a fighting style consisting of swift hit n run attacks
- suffrage
- voting rights
- Woodland Tradition
- During what Native American tradition was there a widespread practice of agriculture?
- Colonists' rights/Colonists' complaints/Declared colonies free and independent
- Components of the Declaration of Independence
- Paleo-Indians
- the 1st people to enter North America
- 2nd Continental Congress
- a gathering of delegates on how to act now that open British hostilities had taken place
- They ran out of gunpowder
- Why did the Patriots retreat from Bunker Hill?
- Southwest Arkansas
- Where is the Gulf Coastal Plain
- Headright System
- system in which colonists who paid their own way to VA received 50 acres of land plus 50 for any other person they covered
- Battle of Saratoga
- after this battle, France formally announced its support of America
- Cortes
- Conquistador who conquered the Aztecs of Mexico
- NW corner of Arkansas
- Where are the Ozark Mtns?
- East Arkansas
- Where is the MS Alluvial Plain?
- Great Migration
- mass movement of people who left England b/w 1629 and 1640
- He brought his family and any slaves and paid for all of their ship fares.
- How did the wealthy get rich through the Headright system?
- Magellan
- He led the expedition that eventually circumnavigated the world
- Closed all ports to US shipping/Charged high tariffs for British goods
- After the war, how did Britain put restrictions on American trade?
- 10,000 BC
- When did the Paleo-Indians reach Arkansas?
- Bill of Rights
- first 10 amendments to the Constitution
- John Locke
- the Enlightenment philosopher who believd in equality and liberty for all
- Battle of Saratoga
- where General Burgoyne was defeated by General Gates and General Arnold
- natural rights
- fundamental rights of all US citizens
- no president, no national court system, limited powers
- Under the Articles, the central government had:
- Feudalism
- a system of government in which people pledged loyalty to a lord in exchange for protection
- boycott
- the most popular way to protest taxes on British goods
- East Arkansas
- Where did the Quapaw live?
- wigwams
- small circular huts
- legislative
- governmental branch that makes the nation's laws
- Archaic Tradition
- During what Native American tradition was there a change in climate?
- farmers
- Who did Georgia's founders hope would settle in the new land?
- paleo
- long ago
- False
- True/False: England's first attempts to settle North America were successful
- amendments
- official changes, additions, or corrections to a document
- South of the Arkansas River Valley
- Where are the Quachita Mtns?
- Even priests and monarchs had to obey the law.
- What did the Magna Carta state?
- Federalists
- supporters of the Constitution
- 13
- How many states had to ratify the Articles for the new government to take effect?
- Thomas Jefferson
- main author of the Declaration of Independence
- glyphs
- symbols and images that represent ideas
- disease
- What was the most devastating effect Europeans had on Native Americans?
- monopoly
- exclusive control of something
- Intolerable Acts
- four laws passed by Parliament as punishment for the Boston Tea Party
- ratification
- formal approval
- judicial
- governmental branch that includes the Supreme Court
- De Soto
- He was the first European to cross the Mississippi River into Arkansas, looking for gold
- Constitution
- basic principles and laws that determine the government's powers
- hunter-gatherers
- people who hunt animals and gather wild plants
- Common Sense
- a pamphlet asking colonists to break away from Britain
- Anti-Federalists
- opposition of the Constitution
- town meeting
- focus of New England politics where each settlement discussed colonial issues
- He taught them how to fertilize their crops with fish
- How did Squanto help the Pilgrims?
- Genghis Khan
- Who led nomadic Central Asian warriors called the Mongols in an invasion of China?
- Puritans
- Protestant group who wanted to purify, or reform, the Church of England
- Articles of Confederation
- document creating the nation's first central government with limited powers
- 9
- How many states had to ratify the Constitution?
- King John
- What monarch was forced to sign the Magna Carta?
- hunting and fishing
- How did Aleutian cultures survive the harsh Arctic region?
- the Netherlands
- Where did the Pilgrims first immigrate after leaving England?
- first year of survival in the colony
- What did the first Thanksgiving represent?
- John Rolfe
- Who introduced a sweeter form of tobacco to Virginia which in turn caused the colony to profit?
- King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain
- Who funded Christy Colomby's journey? (Names and country)
- Crusades
- 5 wars fought between 1096 and 1221 for possession of the Holy Land
- immigrants
- people who leave their country of birth to live elsewhere
- Silk Road
- an overland trade route that stretched from China to the Black Sea
- Colombian Exchange
- plants, animals, and diseases transferred from the Old World to the New World
- redcoats
- name given to British soldiers b/c of their red uniforms
- charter
- a document granting permission to establish a colony
- They weren't Christians/They had a different economic system/They lacked technology
- Why did Europeans call Indians savages?
- quarter
- to house and supply a British soldier
- Europeans had a resistance to them but Native Americans did not
- Why did diseases devastate the Native American population but not the European population?
- Aztec, Maya, Olmec
- the 3 largest, most well-known Mesoamerican civilizations (alphabetical order)
- sect
- a religious group
- Aztec
- Monteczuma II ruled what civilization?
- Continental Army
- military force organized to protect the colonies led by George Washington
- maize
- What was the most important crop for the early Americans?
- He received a holy vision.
- Why did Muhammed begin teaching Islam?
- patriots
- people who chose to fight for independence
- Oliver Cromwell
- Who led an army of Puritans and others against Charles I?
- Martin Luther
- Who was the Protestant Reformation started by?
- pilgrims
- separatist group that left England to escape persecution
- societies
- groups that share common values and traditions
- separatists
- religious group who wanted to separate rather than reform the Church of England
- migration
- mass movement of people from one region to another
- French land east of the Mississippi River/Spanish Florida/French Canada
- What did Britain get from French and Spain from the Treaty of Paris of 1763?
- to pay off French and Indian war debts/to pay for the standing army in America
- Why did Parliament decide to raise taxes?
- judicial
- governmental branch consisting of a series of federal courts
- chert
- a mineral used for making spear points, arrowheads, and other tools
- They provided them with enough food for months/ they used the skin to make warm clothing/ they used the bones to make shelters and tools
- Why did the big game hunters follow herds of mastadon aka woolly mammoths (ur not gonna get
- Spain
- Who controlled Arkansas at the end of the French and Indian war?