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Unit 2 History test

Terms

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caliph
a title taken by Muslim rulers who claimed religious authority to rule
charlemane
played role of papal protector (POPE) and expanded territory. He desired to be a universal emperor and used the church to promote social stability and order. Education became a priority of the Christian ruler. Christmas Day, 800 Pope III crowned Charlemagne Emperor and Charlemagne had restored pope to power.
ibn bantua
muslim traveler; taught people other cultures, went to africa
gothic
This style followed the Romanesque style.
justinian
Byzantine empier who held the eastern frontier of his empire against the persians. he confided Roman law. his general regained north africa and spain
quaran
the book of Islams sacred writing
chang'an
Tang's capital city, grew into the largest city in the world.
William the conqueror
(r. 1066-1087) Conquers england, Duke of Normandy, Feudalizes england while keep strong central authority
kamakura shogunate
The first of Japan's decentralized military governments. (1185-1333). (p. 294)
guilds
with an increase in ordinary people the church added corpus cristi festival to its activities
chivalry
n. The knightly system of feudal times with its code, usages and practices.
missionaries
religious teachers sent to convert natives to christianity
abu bakr
First caliph of Islam after the death of Muhammad
umma
the Muslim community or people, considered to extend from Mauritania to Pakistan
tamerlane
a Mongol conqueror who had destroyed entire cities and killed all the people in the Middle East and Asia
abbasids
the family that over threw the Umayyads and moved the capital back to Mecca
battle of tours
732 AD Christians defeat Muslim invaders and stop the spread of Islam into Europe
three field system
part of the agricultural revolution; farming technique that left one field out of three sallow for a year to replenish the soil
hundred years war
Series of campaigns over control of the throne of France, involving English and French royal families and French noble families. (p. 413)
shinto
the native religion and former ethnic cult of Japan
crusades
a series of military expeditions in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries by Westrn European Christians to reclain control of the Holy Lands from the Muslims
sufism
teaches that people can find gods love by having a personal relationship with god
vassals
The sworn followers of a lord -- often recieved a fief from his lord
muslim
follower of Islam
ali
United States prizefighter who won the world heavyweight championship three times (born in 1942)
genghis khan
He first led the Mongols into China in 1206
investiture controversy
struggle between popes and kings regarding control of offices or appointments
khubilai khan
Last of the Mongol Great Khans and founder of the Yuan Empire. He took Confucian conventions into consideration whenever he did something, and gave his son a chinese name.
sunnis
Muslims that believe the caliph doesn't have to be related to Muhammad and should be chosen by the leaders of the Islamic community
bodhisattvas
enlightened persons who have postponed nirvana to help others attain enlightenment
li bo
a famous chinese poet who wrote "still night thoughts". hi poems were often about nature
jihad
a holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual or political goal
franks
Only large, united kingdom in early Middle Ages
stateless societies
cultural groups in which authority is shared by lineages of equal power instead of being exercised by a central government.
icons
stylized paintings of Jesus, his mother Mary, and the saints
saints
men & women in heaven who responded to God's call and now share eternal life
mansa musa
this Mali king brought Mali to its peak of power and wealth from 1312 the 1337; he was the most powerful king in west africa
eric the red
a viking who explored greenland
seljuk turks
Nomads & great warriors who decided to take power of the government & army
grand canal
Huge waterway that linked the Chang river and the Huang river
feudalism
system in which poor people are legally bound to work for wealthy landowners
fief
Land owned by a lord given to a vassal in return for a service
monasticism
Living in a religious community apart from secular society and adhering to a rule stipulating chastity, obedience, and poverty. (Primary Centres of Learning in Medieval Europe) (261)
byzantine empire
rose out of the split of East and Western Roman Empire; lasted another 1000 years; kept Hellenism alive; fell in 1453 by the Ottomans
footbinding
Process of wrapping young girls feet to stop growth, led to crppiling women for life
berbers
an ethnic minority that descended from Berbers and Arabs and living in northern Africa
ibn sina
A Persian doctor that showed how diseases spread from one person to another.
ordeal
Anything that severely tests courage, strength, patience, conscience, etc.
parliament
a legislative assembly in certain countries (e.g., Great Britain)
mecca
an Arabian trading center & Muhammad's birthplace
jerusalem
A city in the Holy Land, regarded as sacred by Christians, Muslims, and Jews.
mu'awiya
Founded the Ummayad Dynasty
holy roman empire
a political entity in Europe that began with the papal coronation of Otto I as the first emperor in 962 and laster until 1806 when it was dissolved by Napoleon
tang dynasty
the imperial dynasty of China from 618 to 907
mahmud of ghazni
He was the 3rd ruler of a Turkic slave dynasty in Afghanistan. He began 2 centuries of raiding in Northern India. He led raids deep into the Indian subcontinent, sacking Hindu temples and giving Muslims a reputation of intolerance and aggression
mongols
A people of this name is mentioned as early as the records of the Tang Empire, living as nomads in northern Eurasia. After 1206 they established an enormous empire under Genghis Khan, linking western and eastern Eurasia. >(p. 325)
wergeld
the amount of money paid by a wrong doers family to the victim
henry II of england
Control of Normandy, Aquitaine. Extended jurisdiction of royal courts. Expanded income invoking feudal rights. All men living in England should be subject to English law. Thomas Becket.
algebra
A type of mathematics to which Muslims made great contributions
saladin
(1137-1193) Powerful Muslim ruler during Third Crusade, defeated Christians at Hattin took Jerusalem
five pillars of faith
the essential duties of Muslims must fulfill; faith, prayer, alms, fasting and pilgrimage
pope
leader of the Roman church
yathrib
Medina; where Muhammad and his followers fled in 622 to escape the Quaraysh
shogun
supreme military commander of Japan
vikings
one of a seafaring Scandinavian people who raided the coasts of northern and western from the eighth through the tenth century.
sui dynasty
brought China together. Rules 30 years, build Grand Canal (dynasty)
black death
the epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced during the Middle Ages when it killed nearly half the people of western Europe
gregory VII
the pope who excommunicated Henry IV
nubia
East African trading empire that developed south of Egypt on the Nile River
ka'ba
A rectangular temple in Mecca - center of Islamic Pilgrimage and houses the Ka'ba stone
domesday book
A compiliation of population, produced goods, and territory William owned, for tax purposes
serfs
a person who lived on and farmed a lords land in feudal times
baghdad
Located beside the Tigris River and near the Euphrates River. It prospered because of the location and was a good for trade since many people used the rivers to ship goods north and south.
ghana
the first West African kingdom based on the gold and salt trade
bedouins
an Arab of the desert, in Asia or Africa; nomadic Arab
trung sisters
leaders of one of the frequent peasant rebellions in Vietnam against Chinese rule
clovis
leader of the Franks, who conqured what was left of the roman empire
hagia sophia
a famous church built by justinian the first means holy wisdom
song dynasty
the imperial dynasty of China from 960 to 1279
cyrillic alphabet
an alphabet drived from the Greek alphabet and used for writing Slavic languages
shi'ites
Majority in Iraq. Believed that Muhammad's bloodline needed to be followed. Live in Southern Iraq.
xenophobia
fear or hatred of what is strange or foreign.
scholasticism
This emphasized reason as well as faith and the interpretation of Christian doctrine.
magna carta
the royal charter of political rights given to rebellious English barons by King John in 1215
bhakti
this word means devotion. The majority of contemporary Hindu practice is this kind.
empress wu
Only women emporer of china powerful and cruel along with talented and intellegent
Thomas Aquinas
argued that the most basic religious truths could be proved by logical argument.
bantu
a family of languages widely spoken in the southern half of the African continent
eleanor of aquitaine
Queen of France as the wife of Louis VII
muhammad
the Arab prophet who founded Islam (570-632)
bubonic plague
1/3 of all Europe's pop died, spread by rats, brought by sailors to Crimea, work shortage, wages for skilled laborers soared.
great zimbabwe
This empoires name had the meaning honored houses of houses of stone and not much is known about it because they left no oral traditions or written documents
Otto I
German kig around 936; invaded Italy, became emperor, and started Holy Roman Empire
junks
large ships sailed by the Chinese
battle of agincourt
English takes down French mounted knights easily with the long bows. marks end of mounted knight/chivalry
heian period
This was the japanese period where a highly refined court society was formed
ethiopia
Historians believe that the punt civilization was located in this present day country
caravans
files of vehilces or pack of animals traveling together
excommunication
expelling someone from the church.
kinship groups
groups of people related by blood or marriage
charles martel
the Frankish commander for the battle of Tours. He defeated the Muslimsin the Battle of Tours, allowing Christianity to survive throughout the Dark Ages. He in a way started Feudalism by giving land to his knights that served for him.
golden horde
russian part of mongols empire
russia
a former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia
mali
This empire was almost taken over by the Ghana empire but sunjata won it bavk
joan of arc
peasant girl who led french army to victory over the english in the 100 year's war
daimyo
During the Japanese civil wars these men fought for control of trade and power
bushido
samurai's code; "The Way of the Warrior"

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