Religious traditions flashcards for Midterm
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- Nestrorians
- Jesus is human
- Monophysites
- jesus is divine
- Number of books in the new testament
- 27 books in the new testaments
- # of books used by protestants
- Protestants used the 39 books
- # of books used by catholics
- catholics used the 46 books
- 4 gospels
- matthew, mark, luke and john
- Chrism
- oil
- deciple that replaces judas
- Matthias
- gospel
- good news
- John 3:16
- for god so loved the world that he gave his only son so that those who believd in him would not perish but have eternal life
- advent
- to come
- Epiphany
- occurs 12 days after Christmas (magi arrive)
- shrove
- to be forgiven of sins
- Maundy Thursday
- last supper
- 7 sacrements
- baptism, confirmation, pennance, eucharist, ordination, mariage and unction (oil)
- Byzantium
- Constantinople
- Lords day
- Constantine
- Theodosius
- Christianity official religion of state
- Matthew 16:18
- You are peter and on this rock I will built my church
- Ba’al-zabul
- Means the mighty lord
- Ba’al zabub
- Means the lord of the flies
- Lucifer
- Bearer of light
- Meimodites
-
Jews, but wrote in Arabic and discussed a lot of
things with Christian scholars - Layati
- emphasis on the people
- Asceticism
- live the life of denial
- Three important vows they (nuns and monks)live by
- poverty, chasity and obedience
- head of monestary
- abbit
- Hesychasts
- refers to a group of monks who seek inner stillness (meditators)
- Doctrine of trinity
- states that there is one god, but lives in three persons - God the father, son, holy spirit
- filoque clause
- phrase in the creed that indicates that you treat father and son in one, reason for split between orthodox/roman split
- Nicea 325
- creed
- Beosthus
- consolation of philosophy
- hypostasis
- when you strip away wording of trinity, what is left?
- Thomas Aquinas
-
produced major worked reffered to Summa
theologiae - Thomas Aquinas: 5 ways to prove god exists
-
1. god as the unmoved mover
2. god as the first cause
3. god as necessity
4. god as supreme good
5. teleological - god has a plan - Papacy hierarchy
-
1. Pope
2. Cardinal
3. Bishop
4. Preist
5. Deacon - humanism
- Erasmus
- Martin Luther
- 95 theses
- Henry the 8th
- Built a new church called church of England. Not a pope, but the defender of the faith
- D.G. Regina
- by the grace of god, the Queen
- john calvin
- Governing by religion, protestant work ethics
- Seven virtues
- temperance, justice, wisdom, courage, faith, hope and love (charity)
- Phylia
- brotherly love
- Seven deadly sins
- pride, covetiveness, sloth, greed, gluttony, envy, lust
- Unitarians
- reject doctrine of trinity
- Quakers
- Friends of Truth
- Vatican I
- papal infallability
- Vatican II
- scripture would no longer be done in latin but would be done in vernacular language
- Fundamentalism
-
William and Milton stewart published a booklet called the
fundamentalist in 1910, laid out what they saw what the core elements of Christianity - Ecumenism
- efforts to draw separated curches back together
- Muslim
- one who lives in accordance in peace
- Muhammed
- one who was expected
- Basmalla
- invocation, at beginning of every surah except #9, 2x in surah 27
- # of chapters in the qur'an
- There are 114 chapters (surahs)
- verses in arabic
- Ayahs
- First chapter of Quran is called
- Fatihah
- 1st surah
- repeated 17x per day
- commentary in Qur'an (like midrash)
- tafsir
- Five Pillars of Islam
-
1. shahada (bare witness)
-only one god, muhammad the profet
2. salaat (prayer)
- 5 times per day
3. zakat
- give to poor
4. sawn
- fasting during ramadan
5. Hajj
- pilgrammage to Mecca - prayer is done 5 times a day
- Fajr (dawn), zuhr (early noon), asr (late noon), maghrid (dusk), isha (little after dusk)
- jew = shofar, christian = bell, muslim =
- adhan
- wudu
- cleanliness
- Suhur
- meal before fast
- Iftar
- meal after fast
- Month of Ramadan ends with
- celebration of Eid al-fitr
- Ka’bah
- spiritual center of Makkah
- Eid al-adha
- celebraion at end of Makkah
- Khadija
- wife of muhammad
- Yathrib
- Madinah
- ansars
- people who went to Madinah with Muhammad
- muhajiruns
- people in Madinah who accepted M. message
- Kahn
- visionary, prophet of the future
- Habi
- literal prophet (message, warning from god)
- Rasul
- messenger of god, wrote book
- 5 major prophets of power
- 1. Adam 2.Noah 3. Abraham 4. Jesus 5. Muhammad
- Shirk
- infer anything that will attribute otherness to God
- Iman
- faith
- Kufr
- unfaith
- Ibadat
- act of worship
- Mu’amalaat
- interrelation between faith
- Ummah
- world wide muslim community
- Ihsan
- doing good/ good works
- Khalifah
- individual who acts on behalf of another
- Khilafah
- ability to represent those you represent
- Rightly Guided Caliphs
- Abu Bakr (default), Umar (appointed), Uthman (elected), Ali (acclaimation)
- Shi’a
- party of Ali, Ali's line should remain in charge
- Ah al-bayt
- people associated with Ali
- kaysaniyah
-
Muhammad hanafiyah was the son
of ali, successor - Zaydis
- Yemmen, Zaid
- Ismailis
- the seventh imman
- nazaris
- leader is called Agha Khan
- Imami
- Muhamman bin Hasan was the 12th imaan,Muhammad goes to partial occulation
- Sunnis
- Mu’awayia is the leader after ali
- bayt al-hikmah
- School of knowledge
- alims
- scolars who study law
- shariah
- How do you live within God’s laws
- catagories of action
-
Halal – lawful, legal
Mustahabb – commendable
Mubah – neutral
Makruh – disliked
Haram – illegal - Fiqh
- application of law
- There are four law schools of islam
- Hanafi (logical), Maliki (common good), Shafi (conservative), Hanbali (best scholar)
- ilm al-kalam
- how do you talk about god?
- Mu’tazili
- social justice tawhid and adl
- Ash’ari
- bila kayf - dont ask. its beyond ability to ask or talk about God.
- falsafah
- talking about creation
- Al-Razi
- universe evolved – God imposed order
- Al-Farabi
- he believed that you put ur intellectual and spiritual best as those who run the country
- Ibn Sina
-
God as only necessary being - everything in the created
universe is irrelevant to God. - Al-Ghazzali
- criticized philosophers for unbelief (kufr)
- Qadariyah
- denied divine decree
- Jabriyah
- divine predetermination
- Suhrawardi
- illuminationism
- Ibn Arabi
- wahdat al-wujud – unity of being. that everything relies on everything else.
- Kitab-i Aqdas
- most holy book (laws)
- Kitab-i Iqan
- (Book of Certitude) – doctrine
- Baha’I community is run by
- 9 elected representatives for a 5 year term
- Baha'i New Year
- march 21
- Baha'i calandar
- 19 months of 19 days
- Ala
- dawn to dusk fasting during last month
- Ridvan festival
-
paradise festival) (April 21 to May 2) –
first, ninth, twelfth - Allahu-‘l Abha
-
God is glorious or God is to be glorified) – 95
times (5 x 19)