World War I
Terms
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- July 28, 1914
- Austria-Hungary took advice of Germany and declared war on Serbia
- Verdun
- a French city surrounded by three rings of fortresses. The longest and bloodiest battle of the war.
- Russia
- helped Serbia
- economic
- having to do with trade, industry, and wealth (money)
- Triple Alliance
- Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
- American soldiers on French soil
- "doughboys"
- tunnels
- soldiers could move underground in these between trenches
- Germany
- won most battles on the Western Front in 1915
- Sir Edward Grey
- the British secretary, 'the lights are going out all over Europe'
- gases used as weapons
- tear gas, chlorine, and mustard gas
- Serbia
- 1914, a small independent kingdom
- nationalism
- extreme patriotic feelings for a nation
- more than 10 million people
- # of lives lost in World War I
- Turkey
- joined Central Powers after defeating the British At Gallipoli
- Triple Entente
- France, Russia, and Great Britian
- Francis Ferdinand, Austria's archduke
- shot and killed when he visited Bosnia by Bosnian Serb Gavrilo Princip.
- John McCrae's poem
- "In Flanders Fields" expressed feelings about soldiers who died
- Bosnia
- independent before it became part of Austria-Hungary
- "The war to end all wars"
- World War I
- April 6, 1917
- United States declared war on Germany and joined the Allied forces
- Central Powers plan
- Schlieffen Plan
- followers of Lenin
- Bolsheviks
- deadlock
- during war when neither side is gaining ground
- Allies
- Russia, France, and Great Britain
- Russia
- France and England wanted to open a supply route to here
- Germany
- declared war on Russia
- Woodrow Wilson
- President during WWI
- Lusitania
- British passenger ship torpedoed by German U-boat
- Anthony Fokker
- invented a mechanism that allowed machine guns to be mounted on airplanes
- Russian Cossacks
- an army on horseback
- Belgium
- small neutral country invaded by Germany, angered the British
- machine gun
- most important weapon of the war
- What Lenin promised the Russian people
- peace, land and bread
- tank
- giant vehicles equipped with big guns and able to drive over top of trenches.
- June 28, 1919
- German leaders signed treaty at Palace of Versailles in the Hall of Mirrors
- Rationing in US-Herbert Hoover's system
- meatless, sweetless, and heatless days
- Allied army finally stopped German advance toward the English Channel
- At the Belgian city of Ypres
- Compiegne Forest-Nov. 11, 1918
- German leaders met with French General Foch to sign armistice Nov. 11, 1918 (ended 4 yrs. of war)
- masks
- protected soldiers from gas. They were large, clumsy and covered whole face.
- Italy
- joined the Central Powers after being promised land in Austria, Africa, and Turkey
- Battle of Somme
- British helped French against Germans with the new offensive weapon (tank)
- parapet
- a fence at the top of a trench
- main problems inside a trench
- mud, lice, and rats
- German submarines
- U-boats
- Two brilliant German generals
- Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff
- Who withdrew from the Triple Alliance
- Italy
- imperialism
- policy of extending a country's powers through diplomacy or military force
- truce
- The German and English soldiers called this to stop fighting on Christmas Eve 1914 against the wishes of the officers
- Americans
- angry when they heard about the sinking of the Lusitania
- Turkey
- Allies lost an important battle on this peninsula, Gallipoli
- Bulgaria
- joined the war in time to help the Central Powers defeat Serbia
- Central Powers
- Germany and Austria-Hungary
- Alvin York
- took 132 German prisoners, by himself, received the congressional medal of honor
- Treaty of Versailles consequences for Germany
- Placed all blame on them; had to pay for all damages it caused; limit # of men in army, # of ships; give up land
- Wilfred Owen
- soldier who wrote poems about World War I
- Alliance
- An agreement formed.
- "Race to the Sea"
- the Germans and the Allies wanted to be 1st to control ports along the English Channel
- Great Britian
- declared war on Germany and Austria-Hungary
- nearly 300,000 British soldiers died
- at an offensive against the Germans at Passchendaele in Belgium