Section 9 Second Semester
Terms
undefined, object
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- Made up of hundreds of loosely connected states
- Holy Roman Empire
- _________ and _____________ became the most important states in the HRE
- Austria and Prussia
- Key word to describe the HRE
- Weak
- Was at the height of its power in the 1500's
- Spain
- Spain's power declined due to 2 reason
-
Spanish Armada defeated in 1588 by England
Economic problems caused by numerous wars - Still controlled many colonies in the
- New World
- Key word to describe Spain
- Declining
- Czar of russia
- Peter the Great
- Tried to modernize his nation
- Peter the Great
- In spite of Peter's efforts, Russia remained ______
- backward
- Key word to describe Russia
- Backwards
- Two events that helped to rbing about this form of government
-
King Charles I was beheaded
King James I was overthrown in 1688 - was called the glorious revolution because
- there was no bloodshed
- Lawmaking body
- Parliament
- Key phrase to describe England
- powerful nation/limited constitutional monarchy
- Had an absolute monarch
- France
- Monarch alone controls the country
- Absolute monarchy
- Supposedly said "I am the state"
- Louis XIV
- "I am the state" means
- "I am France"
- By the time of his death, France was in terrible financial condition due to
-
the wars that occured during his rule
his extravagant spending on projects such as Versailles - Key phrases to describe France
- Powerful nation/absolute monarchy
- From 1775 to 1781 England's 13 colonies in America fought
- England
- _________ assisted the colonies...Why?
- France hated England
- The colonies won independence from England-their success inspired
- people throughtout the world
- Made up of the roman catholic clergy
- First Estate
- Made up of rich nobles (aristocracy)
- second estate
- these people were the only ones who could hold high government offivers, become military officers or clergy
- second estate
- Members of the first and second estate paid
- little to no taxes
- included the middle class
- third class
- lawyers, doctors and busninessmen were in this group
- Third Estate
- At the very bottom of the third estate were the
- Peasants
- members of the third estate were upset because: 5 reasons
-
1. They paid almost all the taxes
2. They couldnot become military offivers
3. They could not become clergy
4. The could not hold high government offices and they had no voice in the government
5. Prices were rising steadily but wages rose little or none - The enormous debt of France increased even more when France helped the
- thirteen colonies in the American Revolution
- In 1786, banks refused to loan additional money to the
- French government
- Faced with ___________, King Louis the sixteenth called the __________=________ together
- bankruptcy, king louis called the Estate-General together
- This groups was made up of representatives from each of the
- 3 estates
- ____________________ wanted to continue the method of voting used when Estates-General last met
- The first two estates
- Under this system, there was a total of ____ votes, one from ____ _______
- 3 votes, one from each estate
- The ____ estate opposed this plan
- 3
- The representatives of the 3 estate witdrew from the estates-general and formed the
- National Assembly
- The third estate met at a ______ _____ ________
- indoor tennis court
- They pledged that they would not stop meeting until _______ had a ___________ ________ ( called the ________ ________ _________)
- They pledged that they would not stop meeting until France had a written constitution (called the Tennis Court Oath)
- The people feared Louis XVI would use ______ to dismiss the
- soldiers to dismiss the National Assembly
- This fear was the primary reason thousands of Frenchmen in Paris stormed _ ___
- the bastille
- Was an old prison where people who criticized the government were sent
- Bastille
- Was also a arsenal
- Bastille
- Was a symbol of the unfairness of the Grench government
- Bastille
- The mob that stormed the bastille expected to find hundreds of prisoners there-instead they found
- only a few
- _________ ____ is now a national holiday in france
- bastille day
- equivalent of our fourth of july
- bastille day
- Shortly after the Bastille was attacked, peasants believed that
- nobles planned to murder many of them
- peasants burned many
- Records of the taxes they owned
- one reason for the grench revolution was the influence of the
- philosophers
- This was also called the age of reason
- age of enlightenment
- These philosophers wrote about the need for
- change in government
- National assembly passed the declaration of the rights of man-this document was based on
-
1.The Enlightenment philosophers ideas
2.U.S. Declaration of Independence
3.U.S. Constitution
4.English Bill of Rights - Declaration of the Rights of Man
-
1. said all men were free and equal
2. Franted freedom of speech, religion and press
3. Required all three estates to pay taxes - Members of the third estate could now hold
- military offices, hold high government positions and become clergy
- They forced Louis XVI and his family to move to Paris to prevent the family from trying to stop the
- Revolution
- The only major European powers remaining were _____ and ______
- Britain and Austria
- The National Assembly confiscated ____ land and sold it- much to
- RCC, much to peasants
- The National Assembly adopted the _____________ ___ ______
- Constitution of 1791
- It made France a _________ ___________ ________
- Limited constitutional monarchy
- Established a government controlled by the
- bourgeoisie
- Name for thousands of noblemen that fled France
- E'migre's
- Many emigres hoped to return to France and _____ the _____________
- end the Revolution
- Louis and the royal family attempted to flee France-Goal: return later with help of _____ and _____ ________ and _______ the ___________
- emigres and foreign governments and destroy the Revolution
- _______ were caught and forced to return to Paris
- Louis and the royal family
- France went to war with _____ and _
- Austria and Prussia
- These two areas said they wanted to end the French Revolution because they were afraid it would spread to their land
- Austria and Prussia
- France was _____________ _________ for war
- militarily unprepared
- Many ________ military officers had fled the ______
- French military officers had fled the nation
- Slogan of the French Revolution was
- "Liberty, Equality and Fraternity"
- From Austria
- Marie Antoinette
- wife of Louis XVI
- Marie Antoinette
- Resented by many Frenchmen even before the French Revolution
- Marie Antoinette
- Spent much money from the French treasury for personal pleasures
- Marie Antoinette
- When told that the people of France had no bread to eat, supposedly replied
- Let them eat cake
- Louis and his wife were suspected of helping _____ and ________
- Austria and Prussia
- These couple were killed on the guillotine
- Marie Antoinette and Louis XVI
- Name the two main political parties of this time
- Jacobins and the Girandins
- Radical group that wanted more changes
- Jacobins
- Were satisfied with the changes that had been made
- Girandins
- The ________ gained control of the government and began a period called the Reign of Terror
- Jacobins
- What politcal party began the Reign of Terror
- Jacobins
- The leader of this period in which thousands were executed from all 3 estates
- Robespierre, Reign of Terror
- in this period, many were executed on minor charges
- Reign of Terror
- How long did the reign of terror last for?
- about a year
- This man was overthrown and killed on the guillotine
- Robespierre
- what continued in France
- instability
- Born on the island of Corsica
- Napoleon
- had been aquired by the french shortly before his birth
- Corsica
- his military victories made him a hero among the French
- Napoleon
- staged a coup d'itat
- napoleon
- taking control of a goverment by force
- coup d'itat
- Napoleon defeated _______,______,______,_______, ______ and severel _________ _________
- Austria, Prussia, Spain, Italy, The Netherlands and several smaller nations
- soon afterwards, __________ became dictator of France
- Napoleon
- What ended the French Revolution?
- Napoleon becoming the dictator of France
- Describe 4 things about napoleon
-
short
vain/ambitious
military genius - Who invited who for his coronation?
- Napoleon invited the Pope
- As the ___ was preparing to crown _____, ___ crowned
- pope was preparing to crown Napoleon, Napoleon crowned himself
- Napoleon crowned his wife, _________ what?
- Emporess Josephine
- Who married Marie Louis?
- Napoleon
- daughter of the austrian emperor
- marie louis
- why did napoleon divorce josephine
- becuase he had no heir
- One of the greatest accomplishments of Napoleon was what?
- The Napoleonic Code
- this revised and organized French laws
- the napoleonic code
- French laws were unclear and confusing partly due to the
- changes during the French Revolution
- British fleet under Admiral _______ ________ destroyed half of the French fleet in 1805
- Horatio Nelson
- ________ was killed during battle
- Nelson
- Because of the loss of ships, _________ was forced to abandon his plans to invade ________
- Napoleon, England
- Napoleon started the continental system
- economic warefare
- Definition-Napoleon attempted to keep
- british gods from entering European parts by setting up a blockade
- What was Napoleon's goal in terms of the blockade?
- to hurt England economically
- How did England respond to Napoleon's blockade?
- They set up a blockade against France
- Trade of _______ countries was especially hurt by the blockades set up by these two countries
- neutral
- During this time, the _______ _______ declared war on England partly due to this problem
- United States