Section 9 Second Semester

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Made up of hundreds of loosely connected states: Holy Roman Empire
_________ and _____________ became the most important states in the HRE: Austria and Prussia
Key word to describe the HRE: Weak
Was at the height of its power in the 1500's: Spain
Spain's power declined due to 2 reason: Spanish Armada defeated in 1588 by England
Economic problems caused by numerous wars
Still controlled many colonies in the: New World
Key word to describe Spain: Declining
Czar of russia: Peter the Great
Tried to modernize his nation: Peter the Great
In spite of Peter's efforts, Russia remained ______: backward
Key word to describe Russia: Backwards
Two events that helped to rbing about this form of government: King Charles I was beheaded
King James I was overthrown in 1688
was called the glorious revolution because: there was no bloodshed
Lawmaking body: Parliament
Key phrase to describe England: powerful nation/limited constitutional monarchy
Had an absolute monarch: France
Monarch alone controls the country: Absolute monarchy
Supposedly said "I am the state": Louis XIV
"I am the state" means: "I am France"
By the time of his death, France was in terrible financial condition due to: the wars that occured during his rule
his extravagant spending on projects such as Versailles
Key phrases to describe France: Powerful nation/absolute monarchy
From 1775 to 1781 England's 13 colonies in America fought: England
_________ assisted the colonies...Why?: France hated England
The colonies won independence from England-their success inspired: people throughtout the world
Made up of the roman catholic clergy: First Estate
Made up of rich nobles (aristocracy): second estate
these people were the only ones who could hold high government offivers, become military officers or clergy: second estate
Members of the first and second estate paid: little to no taxes
included the middle class: third class
lawyers, doctors and busninessmen were in this group: Third Estate
At the very bottom of the third estate were the: Peasants
members of the third estate were upset because: 5 reasons: 1. They paid almost all the taxes
2. They couldnot become military offivers
3. They could not become clergy
4. The could not hold high government offices and they had no voice in the government
5. Prices were rising steadily but wages rose little or none
The enormous debt of France increased even more when France helped the: thirteen colonies in the American Revolution
In 1786, banks refused to loan additional money to the: French government
Faced with ___________, King Louis the sixteenth called the __________=________ together: bankruptcy, king louis called the Estate-General together
This groups was made up of representatives from each of the: 3 estates
____________________ wanted to continue the method of voting used when Estates-General last met: The first two estates
Under this system, there was a total of ____ votes, one from ____ _______: 3 votes, one from each estate
The ____ estate opposed this plan: 3
The representatives of the 3 estate witdrew from the estates-general and formed the: National Assembly
The third estate met at a ______ _____ ________: indoor tennis court
They pledged that they would not stop meeting until _______ had a ___________ ________ ( called the ________ ________ _________): They pledged that they would not stop meeting until France had a written constitution (called the Tennis Court Oath)
The people feared Louis XVI would use ______ to dismiss the: soldiers to dismiss the National Assembly
This fear was the primary reason thousands of Frenchmen in Paris stormed _ ___: the bastille
Was an old prison where people who criticized the government were sent: Bastille
Was also a arsenal: Bastille
Was a symbol of the unfairness of the Grench government: Bastille
The mob that stormed the bastille expected to find hundreds of prisoners there-instead they found: only a few
_________ ____ is now a national holiday in france: bastille day
equivalent of our fourth of july: bastille day
Shortly after the Bastille was attacked, peasants believed that: nobles planned to murder many of them
peasants burned many: Records of the taxes they owned
one reason for the grench revolution was the influence of the: philosophers
This was also called the age of reason: age of enlightenment
These philosophers wrote about the need for: change in government
National assembly passed the declaration of the rights of man-this document was based on: 1.The Enlightenment philosophers ideas
2.U.S. Declaration of Independence
3.U.S. Constitution
4.English Bill of Rights
Declaration of the Rights of Man: 1. said all men were free and equal
2. Franted freedom of speech, religion and press
3. Required all three estates to pay taxes
Members of the third estate could now hold: military offices, hold high government positions and become clergy
They forced Louis XVI and his family to move to Paris to prevent the family from trying to stop the: Revolution
The only major European powers remaining were _____ and ______: Britain and Austria
The National Assembly confiscated ____ land and sold it- much to: RCC, much to peasants
The National Assembly adopted the _____________ ___ ______: Constitution of 1791
It made France a _________ ___________ ________: Limited constitutional monarchy
Established a government controlled by the: bourgeoisie
Name for thousands of noblemen that fled France: E'migre's
Many emigres hoped to return to France and _____ the _____________: end the Revolution
Louis and the royal family attempted to flee France-Goal: return later with help of _____ and _____ ________ and _______ the ___________: emigres and foreign governments and destroy the Revolution
_______ were caught and forced to return to Paris: Louis and the royal family
France went to war with _____ and _: Austria and Prussia
These two areas said they wanted to end the French Revolution because they were afraid it would spread to their land: Austria and Prussia
France was _____________ _________ for war: militarily unprepared
Many ________ military officers had fled the ______: French military officers had fled the nation
Slogan of the French Revolution was: "Liberty, Equality and Fraternity"
From Austria: Marie Antoinette
wife of Louis XVI: Marie Antoinette
Resented by many Frenchmen even before the French Revolution: Marie Antoinette
Spent much money from the French treasury for personal pleasures: Marie Antoinette
When told that the people of France had no bread to eat, supposedly replied: Let them eat cake
Louis and his wife were suspected of helping _____ and ________: Austria and Prussia
These couple were killed on the guillotine: Marie Antoinette and Louis XVI
Name the two main political parties of this time: Jacobins and the Girandins
Radical group that wanted more changes: Jacobins
Were satisfied with the changes that had been made: Girandins
The ________ gained control of the government and began a period called the Reign of Terror: Jacobins
What politcal party began the Reign of Terror: Jacobins
The leader of this period in which thousands were executed from all 3 estates: Robespierre, Reign of Terror
in this period, many were executed on minor charges: Reign of Terror
How long did the reign of terror last for?: about a year
This man was overthrown and killed on the guillotine: Robespierre
what continued in France: instability
Born on the island of Corsica: Napoleon
had been aquired by the french shortly before his birth: Corsica
his military victories made him a hero among the French: Napoleon
staged a coup d'itat: napoleon
taking control of a goverment by force: coup d'itat
Napoleon defeated _______,______,______,_______, ______ and severel _________ _________: Austria, Prussia, Spain, Italy, The Netherlands and several smaller nations
soon afterwards, __________ became dictator of France: Napoleon
What ended the French Revolution?: Napoleon becoming the dictator of France
Describe 4 things about napoleon: short
vain/ambitious
military genius
Who invited who for his coronation?: Napoleon invited the Pope
As the ___ was preparing to crown _____, ___ crowned: pope was preparing to crown Napoleon, Napoleon crowned himself
Napoleon crowned his wife, _________ what?: Emporess Josephine
Who married Marie Louis?: Napoleon
daughter of the austrian emperor: marie louis
why did napoleon divorce josephine: becuase he had no heir
One of the greatest accomplishments of Napoleon was what?: The Napoleonic Code
this revised and organized French laws: the napoleonic code
French laws were unclear and confusing partly due to the: changes during the French Revolution
British fleet under Admiral _______ ________ destroyed half of the French fleet in 1805: Horatio Nelson
________ was killed during battle: Nelson
Because of the loss of ships, _________ was forced to abandon his plans to invade ________: Napoleon, England
Napoleon started the continental system: economic warefare
Definition-Napoleon attempted to keep: british gods from entering European parts by setting up a blockade
What was Napoleon's goal in terms of the blockade?: to hurt England economically
How did England respond to Napoleon's blockade?: They set up a blockade against France
Trade of _______ countries was especially hurt by the blockades set up by these two countries: neutral
During this time, the _______ _______ declared war on England partly due to this problem: United States

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Number of cards 117