Biology 2 Mike

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Bacteria are what type of cells: Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes are separated into which two groups?: Archaea and Bacteria
Eukaryotes are grouped into these 4 groups: protists, fungi, plants, animals
What is a chromatin?: a long strand of DNA and proteins they condense into chromasomes
1" chromosome contains DNA this length...: 583 feet
WHo discovered DNA?: Dr. Johann Friedrich Meisner
what did Dr. Mesiner first call DNA?: nuclein
Who was the first to coin the term nucleic acid?: Richard Altmann
What was the conclusion found in the Hershey Chase experiment of 1952?: DNA is what directs Bacteria to produce more
Who got screwed out of the Nobel Prize in 1962?: Rosalind Franklin
What is DNA's structure called?: the double helix
How many strands compose RNA?: one
What is the building block of DNA and RNA called?: a nucleotide
What are nucleotides composed of?: a pentose sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group
What are Purines?: 2 ring structures( Adenine and Guanine)
What are Pyrimidines?: One ring structures(uracil, Thymine and Cytosine)
What Pyrimidines and Purines does DNA contain?: adenine, guanine, Cytosine, and THymine
What is the difference between DNA and RNA in regard to nucleotides?: Uracil instead of Thymine
What links the sugars of each side of DNA?: a phosphate group
How many hydrogen bonds in a T A pair? a C G?: two, three
What other organelles is DNA found in?: Mitochondria(animals) chloroplasts (plants)
What does the endosymbiotic theory suggest?: one prokaryote engulfed another symbiotically and the two became mutual partners
What is a codon?: 3 nucleotide sequence of DNA and messenger RNA
whats an anticodon?: 3 nucleotide sequence of tRNA
Whats a gene?: a set of codons, and codes for a single polypeptide
chromosome?: double strand of DNA
locus?: position on a chromosome where a gene resides
Genome?: nuclear plus mitochondrial DNA
amino acid?: 20, used for building polypeptides
proteins and enzymes?: functional polypeptides
where does transcription begin?: inside the nucleus
after transcription where does mRNA go?: the cytoplasm for translation
what is the average polypeptide length in humans?: 425 AA
what produces the raw materials for natural selection?: mutations
when does nuclear division occur?: during mitosis
when is dna replicated?: during the S phase
what do chromatin fibers consist of?: DNA and proteins
what does karyotype mean?: the number of chromosomes in a eukaryote
Mitosis: What happens in interphase?: DNA replicates
Mitosis:what happens in Prophase?: chromatin supercoils into chromosomes
Mitosis: what happens in prometaphase?: nuclear envelope breaks down..chromatids now connected to poles
Mitosis: what happens in Metaphase?: sister chromatids align along equatorial plate
Mitosis:what happens in anaphase?: sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles
Mitosis: what happens in telophase?: nuclei and nucleoli reform cell enters interphase
which process meiosis or mitosis has more steps?: meiosis
what is a genotype?: the complete set of genes related to a trait or a set of traits
what is a phenotype?: the observable characteristics of an individual due to its genotype and interplay with the environment
what is a mutation?: a detectable, heritable change in the genotype not caused by recombination
what percentage of genetic mutations are harmful?: 70%
what are the 4 types of chromosomal mutations?: deltions, duplications, inversions, and translocations
when were cells known as the fundamental units of life?: the mid 1800's
whats the oldest concept of heredity?: preformation, god placed seeds for everything that would populate the earth
whats pangenisis?: a term coined by Darwin but the idea dates back to Hippoclitus, gemmules
who discovered sperm and when?: van leeowhick, 1696
who discovered Ovum?: De Graaf
Nicolas de Maalbrache...who was he?: french rationalist..wanted to put the thinking of the church with descartes..his work led to the school of natural theology
who wrote the developmental history of animals?: Karl Von Baer
Blending Heritance: the view that traits from each parent blended to form intermediaries
EPigenesis: the idea that organisms developed from an undifferentiated mass
alleles: different forms of a gene
particulate theory of inheritance: the units responsible for inheritance are discreet particles that exist within an organism in pairs, separate during gamete formation, and retain their integrity
what is mendels first law?: the law of segregation(telophase)
What is mendels second law?: the law of Independent assortment
what are homologous pairs of chromosomes called?: autosomes
Who had a very theistic view of classification?: Plato
Who was one of the first to classify living things based on logical division: Plato
the history of classifying things began with?: aristotle
Aristotles grouping to similarities is now called...: phenetics
who developed the system of classification we still use today?: linnaeus
what were some of the drawbacks of linnean classification?: based on essentialist logic, all identification was based only on structure
what is the practice of classifying living things called?: taxonomy
what is studying the evolutionary relationships among living things called?: systematics
who provided one of the significant contributions to the study of nature in the western world?: emperor frederick 2 of prussia
who wrote one of the classics of biology?: John Ray
who was the founder of natural theology?: Aurelius Augustinus
in what period of time did natural theology peak?: 1833-1836
This guy believed everything was in a state of flux: Heraclitus
Who was given credit for being the guy to argue that chance played a major role: Democritus
Who recognized the true organic nature of fossils?: de Maillet and Xenophanes
Who was the first to publish a scientific age of the earth?: George Louis De Clerc Buffon, 168,000 years old
who is now considered the father of evolutionism?: Buffon
James Hutton: changed geology from a sport to a true science
what is thinking of the world as a steady state called?: uniformitarianism
Who published principles of geology?: Charles Lyell
the two groups of geologists?: uniformists and catastrophists

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Number of cards 85

Created By mikel190