HH 10 History Exam 1
Terms
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- Americans who believe America should be an Empire.
- Imperialists
- what are taken over by larger countries.
- Colonies
- process of stronger countries taking over and developing smaller countries into an Empire.
- Imperialism
- Who was teddy roosevelt's "hand-picked successor"?
- William Howard Taft
- What did the 18th amendment start?
- the era of Prohibition
- addition ot COnstitution that made us, manufacture, sale, or transportation of alcohol illegal.
- 18th Amendment
- addition that created permanent federal income tax.
- 16th Amendment
- trade tax on imports
- Tariff
- professional conservationist. appointed by Roosevelt to head newly formed US forest service. pioneer of scientific management.
- Gifford Pinchot
- Who was the first truly conservationist president?
- Roosevelt
- Who were the first 2 women in charge of any part of government?
- Julia Lathrop and Mary Anderson
- head of newly formed women's Bureau in department of labor
- Mary Anderson
- head of newly formed children's bureau of department of labor
- Julia Lathrop
- How did Roosevelt start the Department of Labor
- minor department with two bureaus- children and women's
- Who created the department of Labor?
- Roosevelt
- What was teh first true regulatory industry in America?
- the railroad industry
- What does the ICC do?
- commission created out of gov wanting to regulate railroad industry.
- What does ICC stand for?
- Interstate commerce comission
- roosevelt against trusts in beef, tobacco,standard oil, and railroad business.
- The Trsutbuster
- not enforced for the first 11 years
- Sherman-anti trust act
- monopoly of business by buying out opposing companies.
- Trust
- policies by T.R. that protected workers farmers and small business people from big business. started when Coal Miners of America go on Strike- insist on 3rd party arbitration.
- Square Deal
- What did Teddy Roosevelt refer the White House to?
- bully pulpit
- When did roosevelt become president?
- in 1901 at age 31.
- Who was the first president to think progressively?
- Theodore Roosevelt
- What did LaFollette do to show the voters embarrassment?
- went to representations and publicly read role call to see who voted what.
- What did LaFollette do?
- enacted social welfare reforms, served for 12 years, brings in education/academics
- What was Robert LaFollette's nickname?
- "fightin' bob" lafollette
- reform governor of Wisconsin
- Robert LaFollette
- created by states to oversee companies because the courts are still backing big business owners.
- Department of Labor
- required direct election of our senators, ratified in 1913
- 17th Amendment
- in order to qualify, have to take a test giving out government job on merit.
- Civil Service System
- states granting cities this system that gave a limited ability to rule themselves.
- Home Rule
- one of first states for choosing senators.
- Oregon
- voters choose candidates for election
- Direct Primary
- voters can vote to remove elected officials from office
- The Recall
- allowed citizens to vote directly on a bill.
- The Referendum
- allowed citizens to put bills directly before the legislature.
- The Initiative
- voting with more choices, or more control.
- expanded democracy
- What job did Hazen Pingree move to?
- went from reform mayor of Detroit to governor of Michigan
- What did Hazen Pingree create?
- public baths, parks, play areas, work relief programs, free kindergartens.
- reform mayor of Detroit. pioneers city ownership of utilities (form of socialism)
- Hazen Pingree
- an American city devastated by flood which encouraged the people of the city to use council manager form of government.
- Dayton, Florida
- an American city devastated by a hurrican that prompted the people of the city to use a commission form of government.
- Galveston, Texas
- Who started the IWW (Internation Workers of the World)?
- Mary Harris Jones
- What did Mary Harris Jones do?
- got a job at a sweatshop, but decides to organize movement. traveled to help start unions. she was against public labor- holds a march to D.C. as publicizing.
- -from Chicago -"Mother Jones" -Irish immigrant, wife of iron worker -husband and four kids died of yellow fever -took care of herself by dress-shop -burned in chicago fire of 1871
- Mary Harris Jones
- -lived in Chicago -vocal protestor advocating women's rights -governor of illinois chooses her to head inspecting factories -got a degree to become lawyer to be able to prosecute
- Florence Kelly
- -women wanted to vote -fueled temperance movement: though could trace all bad things done to alcohol)
- Women's Movement
- ran for the presidency five times as a Socialist (when it was a legitimate party)
- Eugene V. Debs
- How long did Socialism grow?
- until 1917.
- what is socialism a lesser form of?
- communism
- a political and economic system which called for government or public control or ownership of property and industry.
- Socialism
- American factories where workers worked long hours for low wages in unsafe and unhealthy conditions.
- Sweatshops
- first president to give labor a chance.
- Teddy Roosevelt
- court orders prohibiting things such as striking.
- Injunction
- Why were employees treated so horribly?
- labor was plentiful because of immigrants.
- Which did the government favor, unions of management?
- management
- How quickly was the Labor Movement growing?
- very slowly
- Who was the first person Roosevelt aimed his term "muckrakers" at?
- Upton Sinclair for his "The Jungle"
- What was the result of Upton Sinclair's "The Jungle"?
- Congress passed pure food and act.
- wrote "The Jungle"- exposed conditions in US's meat packaging industry.
- Upton Sinclair
- wrote book "Looking Backward", addresses social and political problems by pointing out how bad it is in 1889.
- Edward Bellamy
- wrote book "History of the Standard Oil Company"... exposed unfair business practices used by big companies in the US, protests companies trying to create monopolies.
- Ida Tarbell
- wrote book "A Shake of the Cities"... exposed corruption in city governments.
- Lincoln Steffens
- Who coined the term 'muckrakers'?
- Teddy Roosevelt
- How were the muckrakers though of?
- troublemakers and bad for the country.
- journalists, authors whose works exposed problems in the government and society.
- Muckrakers
- What were the four basic goals of the Progressives?
- 1. gov. more accountable to people:answerable to what they want. 2. gov. work to curb power and influence of wealth-run for benefits of all americans. 3. gov needed expanded powers so it could improve lives. 4. needed to be more efficient and less corrupt
- How far did progressivism go among parties?
- it stretched across party lines, both republicans and democrats.
- why didn't many of the rich help the progressives?
- didn't need the help.
- why didn't the poor work with the progressives?
- didn't have time or money to help.
- What kind of movement was progressivism?
- an urban movement- began in cities (mostly in the North) because the high number of people magnified problems.
- Were the Progressives a unified movement?
- no.
- what Americans were beginning to think of themselves- that government had responsibility to improve the lives of its citizens.
- Progressives
- time period in US history that stretches from 1890-1920.
- Progressive Era
- Germany forced to pay for damages done in war -crushes their economy
- reparations
- Open agreements between nations -no secret alliances, agreements, or treaties
- first of 14 points.
- every nations' ships can go anywhere they want without being attacked.
- second of fourteen points.
- Removal of all trade barriers
- 3rd of 14 points
- A reduction of armaments to lowest point of safety.
- 4th of 14 points.
- Adjust colonial policies, taking into account rights and interests of people in the colonies.
- 5th of 14 points.
- develop self-rule and determination for all the people of Europe.
- 10th of 14 points.
- League of Nations
- 14th of 14 points.
- The Tiger of Versailles
- Clemenceau
- British Prime Minister
- David Lloyd George
- French Premier
- Georges Clemenceau
- Italian Premier
- Vittorio Orlando
- competitive swimmer who completely shatters male-set record of swimming the English Channel by 2 hours.
- Gertrude Ederle
- Charles Lindbergh's plane that he flew across the Atlantic Ocean
- The Spirit of St. Louis
- communities that developed on outskirts of big cities mostly to improve transportation.
- suburbs.
- proposed addition to the constitution first introduced in 1923 which called for men and women to have equal rights throughout the US.
- Equal Rights Amendment
- Spanish speaking neighborhoods that developed in and around cities in Southwestern US.
- barrios.
- crime prevalent in 1920's against African American victims. James Weldon Johnson tried to get federal laws passed against.
- lynching.
- general who commanded US troops during WWI
- John J. Pershing
- US people bought them to pay for the war, and after they reached maturity cashed in and got a little extra -- war bonds.
- Liberty Loans
- laws where you could be fined $10,000 and prisoned up to 20 years for interfering with the draft, sale of war bonds, or saying anything disloyal, profane or abusive against the US laws and war efforts.
- Espionage and Sedition Acts.
- the term that exemplified the super-patriot and anti-German attitudes of many Americans during the war -sauerkraut.
- Liberty Cabbage
- head of food administration
- Herbert Hoover
- what the American Army that participated in WWI was called.
- AEF
- wouldn't let anyone see Woodrow Wilson after his stroke.
- Edith Wilson
- supreme ally commander in Europe during WWI.
- Ferdinand Foch.
- What American soldiers were called.
- Doughboys.
- generally regarded as greatest US hero of the first world war. -famous for being skilled marksman -got Congressional medal of honor.
- Alvin York
- part of treaty isolationists objected to because it said the league could call upon member nations to furnish troops that would be sent to troubled areas of the world.
- Article X (ten)
- law that required all US men to register for the military draft.
- Selective Service Act.
- government agency which regulated and nationalized certain businesses in US to make sure we had resources to fight the war.
- War Industries Board.
- government agency breated to settle disputes between labor and management to prevent stoppages in war industries. -tells labor unions they can bargain collectively if they don't strike.
- National War Labor Board.
- government agency which sought to increase food production so we could feed ourselves, soldiers, allies, and eventually enemies.
- US food administration.
- Republican senator who lead the reservationists.
- Henry Cabot Lodge.
- members of Senate who supported treaty and league of nations with changes
- Reservationists.
- members of Senate who refused to support treaty and league no matter what.
- Irreconcilables.
- part of treaty where Germany is forced to assume responsibility for starting the war and causing most of the damage.
- The war guilt clause
- where the concentration of tension in Europe is greatest.
- The Balkans.
- where archduke and wife sophie are killed - going to announce plans after parade.
- sarajevo.
- a black hand agent who misses killing the archduke from his designated position, and when trying to catch them, he finds them because parade was diverted.
- Gavrilo Princip.
- Ottoman Empire
- Turkey
- the side of the war which was led by the nations of Germany, Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire. -originally known as Triple Alliance.
- Central Powers
- Serbian Nationalist Terrorist Group
- The Black Hand.
- heir to Austria-Hungary throne assassinated by the Serbs of Serbia because he wanted to turn it into a tri-monarchy.
- Franz Ferdinand
- why was the archduke murdered?
- Serbs in Serbia realize if Serbs in Austria-Hungary are happy, they'll never ebel to help them.
- movement of thousands of African Americans from the rural south to the industrial cities of the north.
- Great Migration
- Germany would invade France to defeat enemies in West, then turn its attentions to the East to defeat Russia who is always slow to mobilize.
- Schlieffen Plan.
- nation whos neutrality was violated by Germany at the beginning of the war.
- Belgium.
- where the German advance was halted.
- Marne, France.
- fighting out of a ditch.
- Trench Warfare
- can't make any more moves, no winner.
- Stalemate.
- white supremacist terrorist organization that existed in the South and was recreated in the 1920's.
- Ku Klux Klan
- violence and bloodshed that occurred in cities during that year -race riots.
- Red Summer
- popular religious movement during the 20's in which Christians believed in a literally interpreted bible.
- Fundamentalism.
- controversial scientific theory during the 1920's which said life developed over a hundred million years and from lower life.
- Evolution.
- most violent city in America due to gangster activity that flourished in the 1920's and to race riots earlier in the era.
- Chicago.
- people who illegally manufacture alcoholic beverages or smuggle them into the country.
- bootleggers.
- federal law that made alcohol illegal -legal machinery to be able to try people.
- Volstead Act.
- addition to the Constitution in 1933 which ended the era in which alcoholic beverages were outlawed.
- 21st Amendment
- what people called the time in US history when alcoholic beverages were illegal.
- Prohibition.
- new techniques used to convey information around the country.
- Mass Media.
- popular dance during the 1920's - wild, energetic, could dance w/ or w/o partner: captured the spirit of the time.
- Charleston
- becomes center for African Americans in the US.
- Harlem
- wildly popular music of the 1920's that made them what they were.
- Jazz
- first commercial radio station in America
- KDKA
- "Manassa Mauler" -boxer who popularized and turned boxing into a phenomenon.
- Jack Dempsey
- 2nd person to fly solo across Atlantic Ocean -decides to fly around the world -mysteriously disappeared.
- Amelia Earhart.
- first woman in US Congress- was before women of the country could vote.
- Jeannette Rankin.
- 1927- becomes hero to American people as 1st to fly alone across the Atlantic Ocean.
- Charles Lindbergh.
- Spanish speaking immigrants who settled in large #'s in New York during the 1920's.
- Puerto Ricans.
- the young, energetic, sometimes rebellious women of the 1920's who adopted the newest styles and fashions.
- flappers.
- Yankee baseball player, considered greatest sports hero of the era
- Babe Ruth
- sports writers voted him greatest athlete of first half of 20th century.
- Jim Thorpe
- "the galloping ghost" -first great university football player -makes it a big attraction
- "Red" Grange
- addition to Constitution in 1920 which made use, sale, manufacture, and transport or alcoholic beverages illegal
- 18th Amendment
- term applied to a group of writers during the 1920s who were disillusioned by horrors of war, and felt detached from society which was increasingly materialistic.
- Lost Generation
- a novel by F. Scott Fitsgerald which was considered a masterpiece of the 20's
- The Great Gatsby
- the term used to describe the african american literary awakening of the 1920's.
- Harlem Renaissance
- addition to the Constitution in the 20's which gave women the right to vote everywhere in the US
- 19th Amendment
- European nation recreated by treaty that ended the first World War
- Poland
- tried to get federal laws passed against lynching
- James Weldon Johnson
- illegal drinking establishments that sprung up during Prohibition
- Speakeasies
- first talking movie, marks the death of silent films
- The Jazz Singer
- area outside of Los Angelos which became center of movie making industry during the 20's.
- Hollywood.
- popular song that exemplified changes in society during the 1920's.
- How ya gonna keep em' down on the farm after they've seen Pair-ee
- where meeting for treaty ending WWI was
- Versailles.
- former vaudeville performer who had title roll of "The Jazz Singer"
- Al Jolson
- popularized of "The Little Tramp"
- Charlie Chaplin
- African American band leader, musician, and composer who created nearly 1,000 pieces in his career.
- Duke Ellington
- son of a Jewish man from Russia who wrote classical music infused with jazz
- George Gershwin
- coined "lost generation"
- Gertrude Stein
- African American poet of the 20's who wrote about joys and difficulties of being black and american
- Langston Hughes
- famous Italian gangster who ran a criminal empire built on smuggling alcohol, racketeering, prostitution, and murder.
- Al Capone
- "Back to Africa" movement, UNIA- support and create black business
- Marcus Garvey
- HS biology teacher in Dayton Tennessee who was dared to teach evolution, though illegal, and goes to jail.
- John T. Scopes
- major league baseball player for the Cubs, who turned to ministry and was ordained as a minister
- Billy Sunday
- 3x failed presidential candidate who returns to law and acts as prosecuter in the monkey trial
- William Jennings Bryan
- most famous lawyer in the US, defense attorney of the monkey trial.
- Clarence Darrow
- decided to recreate the KKK after going to see the silent movie "the birth of a nation
- William Simmons
- world renowned American painter known for depicting cattleskulls
- Georgia O'Keeffe
- Woodrow Wilson, David Lloyd George, Geroges Clemenceau, Vittorio Orlando
- Big Four Leaders
- leaders of 4 victorious nations who made most of policies at the peace negotiations.
- The Big Four
- was outlawed because of how destructive
- Poison Gas
- acidic, dense, burns skin lungs eyes. type of poison gas used extensively in the war.
- Mustard Gas
- type of poison gas used extensively in the war. -lesser concentrations made blisters in lungs
- Chlorine Gas
- Republican candidate in 1916
- Charles Evan Hughes
- 3 kinds of air warfare
- reconasince, dogfighting, bombing
- best American fighter pilot after the war starts
- Edward Rickenbacker
- original name of French air core that took American volunteers -new name Escadrille de Lafayette
- Escadrille de American
- allied strategy to clock out Germany's food supply.
- Blockade.
- French ship. if they continued, recall diplomatic relations with Germany, then Germany said they'd stop if US persuade British to move hunger blockade.
- Sussex Pledge
- President during WWI
- Woodrow Wilson
- German weapon that brough us into the war.
- U-Boat
- German nobility turned fighter pilot -The Red Baron
- Manfred von Ricthofen
- method of sending men and supplies to Europe in large groups of ships to protect them u-boat attacks
- convoy system
- what the war was known as at the time it was being fought
- Great War
- advisor to President to Europe and said they were "ready to erupt"
- Edward House
- battlefields between trenches and between armies
- No Man's Land
- what we called our Army
- American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
- German diplomat who sends message of alliance to government of Mexico
- Arthur Simmerman
- underlying cause of WWI "military build-up"
- militarism
- agreements between nations often made in secret where countries pledge to support each other in event of war.
- alliances
- powerful nations desire to conquer weaker countries
- Imperialism
- intense feelings of love or loyalty to one's country
- nationalism
- What Admiral House called the Balkans when sent by Wilson
- Powder Keg
- side of the war which in the beginning was led by Russia, Britain, and France. -originally called "triple entente"
- Allied Powers
- internation world peace keeping organization through which countries could settle differences w/o fighting
- League of Nations
- the US president's plan for peace at the end of the war
- Fourteen Points
- ruler of Germany during WWI
- Kaiser Wilhelm II
- agreement to stop shooting at each other, or a cease fire.
- armistace
- highest military honor the French Government could give
- Croix de Guerre
- written by George M. Cohan and epitomized attitude that we could do what no one else could
- "Over There"
- a way to measure economic growth
- Gross National Product
- the man that put America on wheels created first large and cuccessful automovile company in US.
- Henry Ford
- republican elected in 1920 by promising to turn America back to the way it was before the war. -both personal life and presidency were filled with scandal.
- Warren G. Harding
- what republican candidate in 1920 promised Americans he would return the country to.
- normalcy
- the irrational and intense fear that communists would take over US that swept over our country in the 1920's.
- red scare
- the attorney general who organized raids against political radicals.
- A. Mitchell Palmer
- form of government many Americans were afraid would take over US in 1920.
- Communism
- 2 individuals who were tried and imprisoned by government in cases that called for limiting freedom of speech.
- Shenck and Gitlow
- supreme court justice who argued limiting freedom of speech was justified in cases that there was a clear and present danger. -used analogy of shouting fire in a crowded theater.
- Oliver Wendell Holmes
- 2 men accused of robbery and murder in 1920's. -highly and publicized and controversial trial that resulted in conviction and execution. - many believed they were only guilty of being Italian immigrants and political radicals.
- Sacco and Vanzetti.
- former president who in 1921 was appointed chief justive of US Supreme Court.
- William Howard Taft.
- secretary of treasury for 2 republican presidents during the 1929's -shaped economic policies of that decade.
- Andrew Mellon
- the name press gave to members of the cabinet and appointees of the president elected in 1920. -old friends and acquaintences of president. -inexperienced, incompetent, dishonest.
- Ohio Gang
- international meeting during the 1920's at which several world powers agreed to limit size of their navies.
- Washington Conference
- the idea of an American banker where US loaned 100's of millions of dollars to Germany so it can pay reparations and allies could pay us back.
- Dawes Plan
- prejudice that increased during 1920's where many people favored native born over those who had recently come to US.
- Nativism
- numerical limit that was imposed on certain ethnic groups that wanted to enter the US.
- Quota
- biggest and most famous political scandal of 1920's where private companies illegally drilled for oil on government lands of Wyoming and California. -unique rock formation at one of these sites.
- Teapot Dome
- secretary of interior who scandalized the US gov. by accepting more than 300,000 in bribes for 2 companies to illegally drill for oil on gov. land.
- Albert Fall
- the former gov. of massachusetts who was elected as vice president, and became president in 1923 upon the death of his predecessor.
- Calvin Coolidge
- what America's chief business was according to the 2nd republican president of 1920's.
- Business
- term for attitude toward big business that some of our presidents in the 1920's had. -as little regulation of big business as possible.
- Laissez-faire
- agreement in 1927 by US secretary of state and france's foreign minister where the nations involved promised not to go to war or use the threat of it. -was eventually joined by 60 nations but failed because it was unrealistic.
- Kellogg-Briand Pact
- experienced gov. official who became 3rd republican president of the 1920's. -soon after being swork in, predicted an end to poverty in America, but his presidency would be an unhappy one due to the Great Depression.
- Herbert Hoover
- popular Democratic gov. of New York who lost the presidential election of 1928 because of being a Catholic.
- Alfred E. Smith
- an economic system that depends on large amounts of spending by individuals.
- COnsumer Economy
- a new method of buying goods in the 1920's where people no longer had to save entire price of an item but could get it in payments.
- installment plan
- a way to measure economic growth, the total value of the goods and services produced by a country in a year.
- Gross National Product.
- biggest selling type of automobile ever produced in the US. -"versatile, durable, affordable, easy to repair, and come in any color you like as long as you like black"
- Model T
- master salesman and promoter from Flint who bought sevaral automocile companies and joined them to form the GM corporation -during career, would lose and regain control of GM and would grab a large share of the auto market by offering a wide variety.
- William Durant
- a new approach towards labor relations where employers raised wages and provided benefits -led to workers having a greater loyalty, higher morale, but led to organized labor losing members during the 1920's.
- Welfare Capitalism
- practice of making highrisk investments in stock market in hope of getting a huge return.
- speculation
- a method of buying stock where the investor only payed a small portion of the price of share with the intention of paying the balance later.
- margin
- one of warning signs economic trouble laid ahead. our nation grew way more food and made way more products than people could buy.
- overproduction
- process of stronger countries taking over developing smaller countries into an empire.
- Imperialism
- Americans who believe America should be an Empire
- imperialists
- against imperialism
- anti-imperialists
- commadore, naval officer
- Matthew Perry
- didn't want the US to talk to other countries
- isolationists
- retired naval officer who wrote "influence of seapower upon history". -convinced US needed iron, steam-driven navy
- Alfred Thayer Mahan
- largest island in the Carribean that grew 90% of sugarcane
- Cuba`
- journalist and poet who leads a rebellion in Cuba from America
- Jose Marte
- leader of the Spanish troops in Cuba
- Valeriano Weyler
- "little war"
- guerrilla warfare
- publishing exaggerrated or sensationalized stories in an effort to newspapers.
- Yellow Journalism
- owned the New York Morning Journal -major role in starting Spanish American War (citizen cane based on his life)
- William Randolph Hearst
- owner of the New York World -major role in Spanish American War -created prestigious awards for journalism and literary works.
- Joseph Pulitzer
- President of the US during the Spanish/American war. wanted to avoid war, and sent battleship USS Maine to Havana Harbor
- William McKinley
- Spanish foreign minister to US who sent a letter to Spain saying that they shouldn't worry because McKinley was a weak letter (pulitzer publishes it)
- Enrique de Lome
- Feb. 15, 1898
- USS Maine anchors in Havana
- told Dewey that in event of war, to steam immediately to Philippines, and destroy the Spanish Pacific Fleet
- Theodore Roosevelt
- commander of US Pacific Fleet
- George Dewey
- leader of the Phillippino rebels
- Emilio Aguinaldo
- capitol of Philippines
- Manila
- discovered bugs were the cause of malaria
- Walter Reed
- develops the Rough Riders
- Theodore Roosevelt
- Battle of San Juan Hill
- overlooked Santiago
- where the Battle of San Juan Hill actually starts
- Kettle Hill
- volunteer unit formed by T.R. to fight in the Spanish American war
- Rough Riders
- sent negotiators to Paris for neutrality
- Treat of Paris 1898
- a place that made its own laws and handles its own internal economy, but defense and trade handled by US.
- commonwealth
- what was Cuba?
- a protectorate
- country whose affairs are controlled by a stronger nation
- protectorate
- portion of Cuba's constitution written by the US Congress
- Platt Amendment
- rest area of the Pacific
- Hawaii
- form of government US forced on Hawaii
- Bayonet Constitution
- sister of Kalakaua, took over from him in Hawaii
- Kiliuokalani
- parts of china controlled by foreign countries and in which only that country could trade
- Spheres of Influence
- secretary of state- deals with foreign country -makes a new policy
- John Hay
- says that any nation can trade in any part of China that they wish
- Open Door Policy
- believed if they did movements while praying, were immune to bulets -called the boxers by the US
- Society of the Harmonious Fists
- Boxers rise up against foreigners and destroy goods
- Boxer Rebellion
- Japanese winning against Russia ovr control of Korea and Manchuria
- Russo-Japanese War
- where the peace meeting was held for the Russo-Japanese War
- Portsmouth, Maine
- treaty that resolved Russo-Japanese War
- Treaty of Portsmouth
- country considered for a new canal that would connect the pacific and atlantic oceans
- Nicaragua
- military force in another country to bring stability and protect American interest
- Gun Boat Diplomacy
- giving or loaning millions of dollars to create stability and protect US interests
- Dollar Diplomacy
- addition to Monroe Doctrine which said if any nation needs to interfere in the affairs of Latin America, the US will do the interfering
- Roosevelt Corollary
- time period in US history that stretches from 1890-1920
- Progressive Era
- journalists and authors whose works exposed problems in government and society
- Muckrakers
- wrote "a shame of the cities" -exposed corruption in city governments
- Licoln Steffens
- wrote "History of the Standard Oil Company" -exposed unfair business practices used by big companies in US.
- Ida Tarbell
- addresses many social and political problems in "Looking Backward"
- Edward Bellamy
- wrote "The Jungle" which exposed conditions in US's meat packaging industry
- Upton Sinclair
- a political and economic system which called for gov. or public control or ownership of property and industry -gov. running industry -a lesser form of communism -grew to popularity until 1917
- socialism
- ran for presidency 5 times
- Eugene V. Debs
- wanted the right to vote, and fueled the temperence movement
- Women's Movement
- vocal protester advocating women's rights -gov. of Illinois chooses her to head inspecting factories -decides to get a degree to become a lawyer to prosecute
- Florence Kelly
- organizer in women's movement, started IWW, International Workers of the World
- Marry Harris Jones
- an american city devastated by a hurricane that prompted them to use a commission form of government
- Galveston, Texas
- city devastated by flood which encouraged council manager form of government
- Dayton, Florida
- reform mayor of Detroit, pioneers city ownership of utilities
- Hazen Pingree
- states granting cities this system that gave a limited ability to rule themselves
- Home Rule
- in order to qualify, have to take a test giving out government jobs on merit
- Civil Service System
- required direct election of our senators
- 17th Amendment
- created by states to oversee companies -courts still backing big business owners
- Department of Labor
- policies created by Teddy Roosevelt that protested workers, farmers, and small business people from big businesses
- Square Deal
- not enforced for first 11 years
- Sherman Anti-Trust Act
- secretary of the interior who manages natural resources
- Richard Ballinger
- old conservative Republican congressmen who fought against progressive reforms
- Old Guard
- only candidate of major parties to lose 3x in a row
- William Jennings Bryan
- secretary of interior that fights with Gifford Pinchot
- Richard Ballinger
- new progressive policies promoted by T.R.
- New Nationalism
- place of strength for Progressives
- Milwaukee
- Democrat running for office
- Woodrow Wilson
- policies by W.W. made for reforms
- New Freedom
- strengthnened sherman anti-trust act
- Clayton Anti-Trust Act
- reform lawyer who was the first Jewish person the Supreme Court
- Louis Brandeis
- legal tradition in South which required African Americans to use separate public facilities than white Americans
- Jim Crow
- wants social and political equality, teaches that it would come through education, job training, and improved economic status
- Booker T. Washington
- wanted equality, but didn't believe they would get it unless demanded
- W.E.B. DuBois
- led a group to attempt to vote in New York
- Susan B. Anthony
- peaceful nonviolent refusal to obey law to change it
- Cicil Disobediance
- took over NAWSA
- Carrie Chapman Catt
- led by Alice Paul
- Congressional Union
- what WWI was known as at the time it was being fought
- Great War
- intense feelings of love for or loyalty to one's country
- Nationalism
- agreements between nations often made in secret where countries pledge to support each other in event of war
- alliances
- military build up
- militarism
- neutral country that Germany invades France through
- Belgium
- fighting out of a ditch
- trench warfare
- method of sneding men and supplies to Europe in large groups of ships to protect them
- convoy system
- law that required all US men to register for the military draft
- Selective Service Act
- government agency which nationalized certain businesses in US to make sure we had resources to fight the war.
- War Industries Board
- gov. agency created to settle disputes between labor and management to prevent stoppages in war industries.
- National War Labor Board
- gov. agency which sought to increase food production so we could feed ourselves, soldiers, allies, and eventually enemies
- US Food Administration
- republican senator who leads the reservationists
- Henry Cabot Lodge