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Lecture Exam 1

Terms

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According to one hypothesis for the formation of life on earth, which of the folowing stages does not apply?
none of the above
The patern of change over a long period of time is termed
macroevolution
____synthesis of organic monomers is a testable hypothesis
abiotic
the formation of organic molecules takes a considerable amount of
energy
The synthesis of organic molecules may have occurred at submerged volcano sites and sub-sea vents because of these areas being rich in inorganic ____ and ____ compounds, which are very important in ATP synthesis
sulfur and iron
Evolutionary biology is about process and
history
Phylogenies are based upon common
ancestries
____ rock provides for the best fossilization of animal hard parts.
sedimentary
The evolutionary history of an organism is its
phylogeny
Which of the following provides clues to an oranism's phylogeny?
all of the above
Similarities due to shared ancestry are termed
homologies
Similarities due to evolution are analogies.
convergent
___ are analogous structures that have evolved independently.
homoplasies
Linnaeus' system of classification is based upon recognizing ____ amongst organisms.
similarities and differences
The ___ is a two-part naming system
binomial
The broadest taxonomic hierarchical category is the
domain
Genera of organisms are grouped into the next highest category, the
family
Any named taxonomic subunit at any level is termed a/an
taxon
A valid clade is
monophyletic
Phylogenetic trees are hypotheses.
true
An organism's evolutionary is documented in its genome.
true
Organisms interact with their environment.
true
the joining of monomers usually results in the production of polymers.
true
Hypothetically, biotic processes may have synthesized abiotic molecules.
false
It appears, from research evidence, that DNA was the first genomic material.
false
In order for natural selection to work, a genetic information system must be present.
true
Dating of fossils can be made using radio-_____ materials.
carbon
Rock-like layers of cyanobacteria and sediment seem to form the first fossils called
stromatolites
Metabolism is a necessary process that evolved to provide ___ to prokaryotes.
energy
The only photosynthetic prokaryotes that generate O2 are the
cyanobacteria
A prokaryotic organism has
none of the above
The Endosymbiotic Hypothesis suggests that two organisms merged and one of the organisms became reduced in size and function.
true
It appears that the first multicellular organisms were colonies that did not exhibit division of labor.
true
Prokaryotes were the earliest organisms on earth.
true
Nearly all prokaryotes have a ____ ____ exgternal to the plasma membrane.
cell wall
In a hypertonic solution, most prokaryotes _____ water and plasmolyze like other walled cells.
lose
The ____ stain technique is used as a tool for identifying specific bacteria based upon differences in their cell walls.
gram
The composition of a bacterial cell wall determines whether or not the bacterium is gram positive or gram negative.
true
A gram ____ bacterium has simple walls with large amounts of peptidoglycan
positive
Prokaryotes reproduce asexually by ____ _____
binary fission
The primary locomotor structure of the Euglenozoans is the
flagellum
Trypanosoma, a kinetoplastid euglenozoan, causes African sleeping sickness,
true
Toxins produced by some dinoflagellate organisms may cause what is termed the "red tide"
true
Malaria is the result of the infection of the blood by an apicomplexan organism that has no lomotor structure
true
Ciliates are a diverse group of protists, named for their use of ____ to move and feed.
cilia
The heterotrophic stramenopiles, the Oomycetes, include which of the folowing organisms?
all of the above
Diatoms are ___ algae with unique glass-like walls
unicellular
Golden algae or ___ are named for the presence of their yellow and brown pigment
chrysophytes
The term biflagellated means having
two flagella
The term "seaweed" often refers to ____ algae
all of the above
Brown algae, or phaeophytes, are the largest and most complex protist known.
true
Some algae have life cycles with alternating haploid and diploid generations.
true
Which of the following is not a process carried by a living thing
turning green
Which of the following polysaccharides is found in the wall of the Archaea?
Peptidoglycan
Red and green algae are the closest relatives of land plants.
true
-phyte
plant
iso-
same
pseudo-
false
hetero-
different
-podium
foot
photo-
light
exo-
outside
bi-
two
-philos
loving
halo-
salt

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