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Exam vocab. words: Introduction to Earth Science

Terms

undefined, object
copy deck
theory
the most logical explanation for things that occur in nature
law
Once a theory has passed many tests and is generally accepted by the scientific community, it becomes a ___.
geology
study of rocks and minerals as well as the origin, history, and structure of the earth.
meteorology
the study of weather, climate, and phenomena in the atmosphere.
oceanography
the study of oceans, including their physical features and life forms.
astronomy
the study of characteristics of objects in space (planets, stars, galaxies, black holes, supernova, nebulae, etc.)
scientific method
a way to solve problems in all branches of science. It is usually, but not always, followed in a specific number of ways.
variable
the condition being tested
control
the ideal conditions for running an experiment, nothing is being tested.
data
information, often in the form of facts or figures obtained from experiments or surveys, used as a basis for making calculations or drawing conclusions
fair test
an experiment that only tests one variable at a time.
metric system
the scientific system of measurement.
meter
unit of length in the metric system
mass
the amount of matter in an object
volume
The amount of space an object takes up
Liter
a unit in the metric system that measures volume of liquids
cubic centimeter
a unit in the metric system that measures volume of regularly shaped solids
gram
a unit in the metric system that measures mass
weight
the measure of attraction between 2 objects due to gravity
newton
a unit of weight that space agencies use; it is the ratio of the gravitational attraction of two objects
density
mass per unit volume; D = M/V
celsuis
measures temperature in the metric system
dimensional analysis
the method for converting one unit to another.
refracting telescope
an optical telescope that uses a series of lenses to focus light
reflecting telescope
an optical telescope that uses a series of mirrors to focus light
electromagnetic spectrum
consists of both visible and invisible light.
radio telescope
collects radio waves which are focused onto an antenna that translates the signal into a picture.
infrared telescope
detects heat energy which is given off by all objects. This type of telescope is usually found in orbit because infrared energy from distant objects has a hard time passing through our atmosphere.
ultraviolet telescope
also usually found in orbit because our atmosphere blocks many UV rays, especially those from objects that are very far away.
X-ray telescope
usually found in orbit around earth. These telescopes have provided information on the life cycles of stars. Top picture is an X-ray image of 5 galaxies making up NGC 4410.
Hubble Telescope
orbits earth and consists of several different types of telescopes
(Convert degrees celsius to degrees fahrenheit)
°F = (°C x 1.8) + 32
(convert degrees fahrenheit to degrees celsius)
°C = (°F – 32) x .5555

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