Chapter 1 in intro to personality
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Personality
- he dynamic and organized set of characteristics possessed by a person that uniquely influences his or her cognitions, motivations, and behaviors
- Psychological construct
- a complex abstraction that encompasses the person's unique genetic background (cept Id twins) and learning history and the ways in which these factors influence his or her responses to various environments or situations
- Empirical evidence
- observations of phenomena made by investigators
- Deductive theory
- theories in which specific hypotheses are derived from abstract propostions and then tested by the collection of data
- Conceptual definitions
- precise concepts in a hypothesis; this allows for accurate measurement of results
- Cognitive dissonance
- painful motivational state created within a person when 2 or more thoughts, attitudes, or behaviors are mutually inconsistent
- Debriefing
- informing the study participants of the true nature and purpose of a study after it is completed
- Correlational method
- general procedure for establishing an association or relationship between events
- Correlational coefficient
- a numerical index of the size and direction of an association between 2 variables
- Case study
- the intensive study of a single person in order to understand his or her unique behavior
- A priori predictions
- predictions about the outcome of an investigation that are made before the data are collected
- Correlation
- stat used to measure degree of correlation
- Dependent varriables
- changes in behavior that occur because of the manipulation of the conditions by the experimenter
- Independent varriables
- the varriables actively manipulated by the experimenter
- post hoc
- explanation of a phenomoenon given after its occurence
- operational definitions
- procedures or operations used to define particular constructs
- propositions
- general relational statements that may be true or false. not tested directly; instead, hypotheses are derived from them
- relational statements
- theoretical propostions or hypothesis that link or relate constructs