theology 3 2
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- relativism
-
*all moral values are relative to some particular indivisual or culture
*no individual or culture has a uniquely priveleged standpoint
*no universal moral values - cultural relativism
- different cultures throughout history have had drastically different moral codes
- nature
- the essential characterists of something that make it the kind of being it is, as distinct from other kinds of being. everything material has a nature
- soul
- all living things have a soul. 3 types vegetative, appetietive, rational
- plant-vegetative soul
- eat, breath, drink, reproduce, grow
- animal-appetative soul
- emotions, desires, good sense, raise young, social
- rational soul
- intellect, will,, sepcific to human soul
- telos
-
purpose out goal in life
*all nature's have a telos
*determined by nature of being
*get to eudaimonia - eudaimonia
-
happiness, human flourishing
*telos of a human - virtue
-
*a state of character that allows a person to judge with ones rational part the appropriate way to feel/desire and act with respect to a moral choice
*chooce between two vices
*virtue is necessary for human flourishin and happiness
*happiness doesn't equal feeling good.
*happiness =possessing the virtues - character
- *fairly stable stes of attitudes, opinions and dispositions that results in fairly stable patterns of acting and reacting
- vicious character
- doesn't know right and doesn't do right
- incontinent character/ soft character
- know right but doesn't do right, gives into pain and pleasure
- continent/enduring character
- know right, do right but don't want to do right, doesn't give into pain or pleasure
- virtuous
- knows right, does right, wants to do right
- Kant view (look at notes)
-
intellect and will also create misery, instinct is better at yielding to happiness: purpose of I&W can't always be happiness
*moral: does duty even if it doesn't make you happy - categorical imperative
-
applied to everyone to every situation
*act only according to the maxim you can will to be a universal law... can't result in a contradiction, must be a world people would want to live ine
*treat all persons as ends in themselves, not as means to an end - Mill principle of utility
- the moral action is the one that yields the most pleasure/happy consequences for the greatest number
- Mill's happiness
- *presences of pleasure, absence of pain... different levels of pleasure
- creation
-
*created in the image of God
*we are creation not the creator
*natural destiny: finite
*divine destiny: infinite (eternal life with god)
*our desire destiny changes, affects how we live our human destiny
*our natural humaness is good, creative grace, help - salvation
-
*Jesus
*teaches us how to live in union with God
*sacrifical death reconciles us to God
*collective grace - redemption
-
*Holy Spirit at pentecost
*HS helps us take ownership of the salvation won by Christ, we become more like Christ, to be in union with God
*elevating grace - determinism
-
*a complete description of the state of the world and a complete statment of the laws of nature together account for every truth about what happens at every point in time in the future
*all of our actions are the result of past events and the laws of nature instead of the result of free will - behaviorism
-
*behavior usually considered voluntary is actually result of past experience and environmental conditions
*not responsible for actions - classical conditioning
- *process by which a behavior is repeatedly reinforced by association with something else, such that the presence of the something else triggers the behavior
- refutations of determinism
-
*not responsible for actions
*no free will
*actions are caused by forces beyond my control
*no spirit - personal sin
-
*action deed, omission, thought, word
Criteris: wrong, know wrong (not ignorant), do it anyway - social sin
-
*when personal sin affects society by creating/perpetuating an environment in which sin is "the way things are"
*embodied in our social norms, laws, policies
*affects groups of people - object of a moral act
- "what" of the action
- intention of the moral action
- "why" reason or motive... internal
- circumstance of the moral action
- varies, environment in which the action performed secondary factors affecting the action... external
- moral action
-
*either intention or object can of itself make the action right or wrong
*circumstances affect action by changing the degree of rightness or wrongness
*more or less good, not change right to wrong