French Revolution & Enlightenment
World History Quiz 12/18
Terms
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- Deists
- These scientists challenged traditional religion by beliving that the universe was not created by God, but by an alternative supreme being much like a clockmaker.
- Tennis Court Oath
- A pledge by the members of France's National Assembly who vowed to meet until they made a new constitution.
- Geocentric
- Earth Centered (Church's way, everything revolves around the human race)
- Linnaeus
- Created a system of classifying living things called taxonomy.
- Social world of the Enlightenment
- People read books, newspapers, magazines. Wealthy know most about the Enlightenment.
- Harvey
- Discovered the circulation of blood. Published findings on experiments done with anatomy and circulatory system.
- Intellectual Causes
- People have ideas in their heads about how they can have rights.
- Third Estate
- This is the social class that represented 97% of the population of culture.
- King Louis XVI
- Unpopular policies, charging taxes, helped trigger the french revolution. Married to Marie Antoinette, eager to avenge grandfather, not fit for a king.
- Hooke
- Was inspired by monastary floor plan and named the building block of living things cells.
- Salons
- Gathering of the social, political, and cultural elite in France during the Enlightenment. Usually in homes.
- Political Causes
- First and Second Estates made all political desicions. French and Indian War, helped out in American Revolution. (spending money!)
- Voltaire
- Freedom of speech: "I may not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it."
- Rousseau
- Suggested a therory of government that involved people sacrificing some of their rights in order to serve the common good.
- Locke
- He encouraged public education, freedom of the press, and the natural rights of life, liverty, and the ownership of property. (Grandfather of the Enlightenment)
- Social Causes
- 3rd estate was the only estate that had to pay taxes. (the poor people paid the rich)
- Causes of French Revolution
- Three Estates, 97% of population in lower class. Excessive money spent by monarchy. Funded many wars, lost territories, borrowing money and increasing taxes on already poor 3rd estate.
- France Pre-Revolution
- A monarchy with a long period of misused money. Economic depression. Trade down, poor harvests, food shortages hunger, unemployment. Enlightement planted ideas in peoples heads that they had rights.
- Ptolemy
- Geocentric Universe, Humans at one end of the universe, God at the other
- Newton
- Proved laws of motion, and gravity.
- Heliocentric
- Sun Centered (True way, Gaileo and Copernicus proved it, but church didn't want anything to do with it.)
- Smith
- Theorized that governments should stay out of the economy and let the forces of supply and demand control the market.
- Causes in Sequential order
- France Sends financial & physical support to the American colonists in the American Revolution. King Louis XVI calls for a meeting of the Estates General (Nothing Happens). Storming of the Bastille (a prison, killed the governer and put his head on a stick) The national assembly is locked out of their meeting place and take the "Tennis Court Oath", the National Assembly writes the Declaration of the rights of Man and the Citizens.
- Economic Causes
- Excessive government spending, lavish lifestyle and wars. Bad crops and harvest.
- Bacon and Descartes
- Clamed that the Scientific Method would free people from ignorance.
- Galileo
- He took his theories back so he wasn't excommunicated from the church. Invented a more advanced telescope and confirmed hypothesis of Copernicus in the early 17th century.
- Effects of the Enlightenment
- Planted seeds in the heads of people who were sick of the old way of monarchies.
- Montesquieu
- Proposed separation of power within a government in the for of executive, legislative, and judicial powers.
- Diderot
- Published the first encyclopedia, controversial because people used it as a reference rather than the Bible.
- Enlightenment Religion
- New Protestant churches, John Welsley preaches Methodisim, many people converted.
- Copernicus
- Moon orbits Earth, thought universe was Heliocentric or sun centered.
- Marie Antoinette
- French Queen & wife of Louis XVI, member of the royal family of Austria & unpopular among the Frech, known as "Madame Decicit" due to her excessive spending habits.
- Mary Wollstonecraft
- Wrote Vindication of the Rights of Man and A Vindication of the Rights of Women, English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women.
- Bourgeosise
- The Middle Class
- Leeuwenhoek
- He created a more sophisticated microscope that enabled scientists to examine microorganisims.