First History Test
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- What did the Fertile Crescent have and where was it?
- Between the Persian Gulf anf the Mediterranian Sea, and it had the best farming land in that area.
- Where was the best place to build a village in southeast asia and why?
- The north, because it had streams for water.
- Where was Mesopotamia?
- Between the Tigres and Euphrates rivers.
- Where was Sumer and how were the people in it arranged?
- Sumer was a small group of cities in Southern Mesopotamia with common interests and ways.
- Sumerians fought all the time, but...
- ...still managed to build the first civilization.
- Civilization is...
- ...a more complex form of culture.
- Sumerians set themselves apart from...
- ...neighboring cities.
- First Key Trait: Growth of Cities
- By 3000BC, Sumerians had fair-sized cities. Other places were too small to be considered cities. Cities are not only population but centres of trade. People rely on trade to live.
- Second Key Trait: Specialized Workers
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- Did things that nobody else did.
- Raising food became less work, so specialization became more popular.
- Traded their work for other goods. - Third Key Trait: Writing
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- Sumer was the first place to have it.
- They wrote in “ceuniformâ€.
- The scribes used styluses to write on wet clay.
- The first written symbols were commonly traded objects.
- These were called pictographs.
- Earliest tablets used 2,000 symbols.
- Writing became more efficient; 600 symbols. - Fourth Key Trait: Advanced Technology
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- Sumerians invented basic sciences used today.
- Mestopotamians used copper 3000 years before Sumerians.
- Sumerians increased copper usage.
- Mixed copper and tin to make bronze.
- Bronze was stronger; more useful.
- After 2800BC in sumer was the "Bronze Age" - Fifth Key Trait: Complex Institutions
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- Government was a complex institution.
- Religion gained temples and Priests to manage them. - Sumer's Geographical Problems
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- Unpredictable floods and droughts.
- Flat land.
- Advantage: Good soil. - > The Water Problem <
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- Rain flooded sumer once or more per year.
- Droughts were common. - > The Defense Problem <
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- Sumer was small and flat.
- Huts clustered together.
- No natural defense.
- Thieves struck often. - > The Resource Problem <
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- Limited natural resources.
- Invasive plants near water soutces.
- Metal, wood, and stone was not common. - > T H E S O L U T I O N ! ! ! <
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- Irrigation to water crops.
- Walls made of mud bricks (mud was abundant).
- Traded cloth, grain, tools to village people for wood, metal, stone.