Lab Quiz #3
Terms
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- Selective/Differential permeability
- Valuable cell proteins and other substances are kept within the cell and all waste passes to the exterior.
- Passive Processes
- Concentration or pressure differences drive the movement.
- Active Processes
- The cell provides energy (ATP) to power the transport process.
- Brownian Movement
- The random motion of small particles.
- Concentration Gradient
- Difference in concentration.
- Diffusion
- Movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration.
- Simple Diffusion
- The diffusion of solutes through a differentially permeable membrane.
- Osmosis
- The diffusion of water through a differentially permeable membrane.
- Facilitated Diffusion
- Certain molecules combine with protein carrier molecules in the plasma membrane and move from one side of the membrane to the other down a concentration gradient. Does not require ATP.
- Crenation
- The crinkling-up process cells undergo when the solution is hypertonic to the cell.
- Hypertonic
- Contains more nonpenetrating solutes than are present in the cell.
- Hypotonic
- The cell contains more solutes than are present in the outside of the cell.
- Hemolysis
- The bursting of red blood cells when too much water enters them.
- What are the two types of active processes?
- Active transport and vesicular transport
- solute pumps
- Moves substances against the concentration gradient.
- What are the two types of vesicular transport?
- Endocytosis and exocytosis.
- Pinocytosis
- AKA fluid-phase endocytosis, the cell membranr sinks beneath the material to form a small vesicle, which then pinches off into the cell interior. Most common for taking liquids containing protein or fat.
- Phagocytosis
- Parts of the plasma membrane expand and flow around a large or solid material. The membranous sac forms (phagosome) and is fused with a lysosome, where the contents are digested.
- Receptor-mediated endocytosis
- Used primarily for specific molecules such as cholestorol, iron, and some hormones, and for transfer of substances from one side of the cell to another.