Histology Exam 1 2
Terms
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- The glycoccalyx of the cell membrane is concerned primarily with...
- protection and cell recognition
- In bulk transport...
- endocytosis results in the formation of a phagosome
- Barr body...
- inactive X chromosome
- Within mitochondria, elementary particles...
- contain enzymes for oxidative phosphorylation
- In the Golgi...
- secretory vesicles depart from the maturing face
- During a root canal, you notice an unusual mass adjacent to the tooth root, remove mass and submit it for a biopsy b/c you suspect the mass may be of neural origin, you request which of the following special immunohistochemical stains for confirmation?
- neurofilament protein
- Most hypertrophy of the cell occurs during which phase of the cell cycle?
- G1
- Tetrad formation occurs during which phase of meiosis?
- Prophase 1
- During apoptosis, shrinkage of the nucleus is known as:
- pyknosis
- Which of the following is most consistent with anemia due to severe blood loss?
- reticulocytosis
- Gelatinase is present in the tertiary granules of:
- neutrophils
- While on a picnic, you are stung by a bee and within the next half hour begin to experience difficulty breathing. This anaphylactic rxn is a result of:
- SRS from basophils
- Lymphocytes which specialize in the production of antibodies are:
- plasma cells (pregnant w/anitbody)
- During erythropoieses:
- late normoblasts are typically orthochromatic
- During nemopoiesis:
- 5 classes of unipotential
- Which of the following cell jxs is formed by the fusion of a circumferential band of cell memb b/t cells?
- zonula occludens
- most gland secrete only their cell products w/out any cytoplasm- this is known as _____ secretion
- meorcrine
- In smooth muscle myosin binding is controlled by:
- calmodulin
- atrioventricular valves are anchored to the wall of the heart by thin strands of CT referred to as:
- chordae tendineae
- nissl susbstance with in neurons represents:
- rER
- parasympathetic, post-synaptic neuron cell bodies are located:
- near the effector organ
- what type of neuroglial cell is responsible for myelination w/in the CNS?
- oligodendrocyte
- during nerve damage and repair:
- anterograde degeneration is due to an interruption of axonal transport
- What are the five basic tissues?
- blood, connective tissue, epithelium, muscle, and nervous
- What are parenchyma cells?
- functionally specialized cells
- What are stroma cells?
- less specialized supporting tissue
- What does connective tissue do?
- surrounds and supports other tissues (structurally, metabolically, or both)
- What does epithelium tissue do?
-
covers body surfaces and cavities (internal and external)
ex: gut lining, skin, glands - What is nervous tissue?
- modified cell collection responible for communication and coordination
- What is nervous tissue made of?
- neurons and glial cells
- Communication can be both...
- electrical and chemical
- What are organs?
- anatomically discrete collections of tissue that perform specific functions
- What is hematoxylin?
- a dark blue basic dye that stains acids
- What is eosin?
- bright red, acidic dye that stains bases
- What is the plasma memebrane/plasmalemma?
- semipermeable phospholipid bilayer
- What does amphoteric mean?
- both hydrophilic and hydrophobic qualities
- What accounts for the membranes trilaminar appearance on EM?
- hydophilic outer layers are seen as separate entities, as well as the inner hyrophobic layer
- What is the function of the plasma membrane?
- transfer of nutrients and metabolites, attachment to adj cells, and cell-cell comm.
- What increases fulidity/flexibility?
- the presence of unsaturated f.a., which prevent close packing
- What helps to regulate fluidity and stabilizes the membrane?
- Cholesterol, present in an almost 1:1 ratio
- Why does Cholesterol regulate fluidity and stabilize the membrane?
- it is amphipathis and has a kinked conformation, preventing the overpacking of f.a. tails
- Increasing cholesterol increases or decreases fluidity?
-
decreases
it fills the gaps btwn the kinks of the ufas - What makes up almost half of the total membrane mass?
- proteins embedded in the bilayer
-
What are extrinsic proteins?
aka peripheral - on the outside, some span the entire thickmess (transmural/transmembrane), held in place by hydrophobic central zone, many times have pores/channels for usu hydrophilic molecs.
- What are integral proteins?
- embedded in phospholipid bilayer
- What do pumps do?
- transport ions across membrane
- What is an example of a pump?
- ex: Na/Cl pump: transmembrane protein complex that exchanges a Na for a K ion across the membrane
- What are channels?
- allow passage of small molecules via diffusion