first aid +
Terms
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- anisocytosis refers to
- cells of varied size
- poikilocytosis
- cells of varied shape
- basophils granules contain (3)
-
heparin,
histamine,
SRS-A (slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis) - eosionphil granules contain
- histaminase, arlysulfatase
- mast cell granules contain
-
heparin, histamine,
eosinophil chemotactic factors (ECFs) - causes of eosinophilia
-
Some feel allergic to the NAACP
Neoplasm
Asthma
Allergy
Collagen vascular disease
Parasites - neutrophil granules contain
- lactoferrin, myeloperoxidase, lysozyme
- B lymphocytes mature here
- what matures in the Bone marrow and migrates to lymphoid tissue
- T lymphocytes mature here
- Thymus is where ___________ matures
- Gamma interferon activates what kind of cell
- macrophages are activated by what?
- dermal origin of microglia
- mesoderm
- myelinate multiple axons
- oligodendroglia
- myelinate a single axon
- schwann cells
- Destroyed in MS
- oligodendroglia
-
Give
1. structure,
2. fctn, and
3. one disease in which defective (specify defect also) -
1. cilia
2. sweep respiratory contents and motile component of sperm
3. kartagener's dynein arm defect (resposible for retrograde transport) - kinesin is involved in what?
- anterograde trasport
- nissl bodies are what and are found where
- RER of neurons
- drugs that acto on microtubules
-
Mebendazole/thiabenazole (antihelm)
Taxol (anti-breast cancer)
Griseofulvin (antifungal)
Colchicine (anti-gout) - frosted glass cytoplasm"
- monocyte
- CD19 & CD20"
- B cell
- CD3"
- T cell
- gamma interferon affect on macrophage
- activation
- lymph drainage pwy of bladder and male glands
- both drain into the internal illiacs
- lymph drainage pwy of perineum
- Superficial inguinal nodes -> Deep inguinal nodes -> Ext. illiacs
- lymph drainage pwy of Testes
- Paraaortic nodes
- lymph drainage pwy of lower extremities
- Superficial inguinal nodes -> Deep inguinal nodes -> Ext. illiacs
- lymph drainage pwy of cervix
- External and internal illiacs
- lymph drainage pwy of uterus
- External and internal illiacs
- What nodes drain the butt, lower extremities? What else does it drain
-
Superficial inguinal nodes.
also drains
-ant abdominal wal
-perineum - Fuel sources based on timeframe available.
-
-Glucose lasts 2 hrs
-Glycogen lasts 20 hours
-protein breakdown begins
-fat breakdown begins - GLUT receptor found on muscle and adipose tissue.
-
GLUT 4
Bring glucose INTO the cells
inc insulin exocytosis GLUT 4 receptors putting them on membrane - 4 hormones inc. serum glucose levels and onset time.
-
Epinephrine: 1min
Glucogon: 20min
Growth Hormone: > 24
Cortisol: 2-4 hrs - Tachycardia, and elevated BP after eating wine, beer or cheese? Name class and three drugs that can cause this reaction.
-
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors:
-PHENELZINE
-ISOCARBOXAZID
-TRANYLCYPROMINE
avoid tyramine containing foods - A carotid body tumor grows in response to what and secretes what?
-
It is a paraganglioma- in people at high alt, normally carotid body invloved in cardiovasc response to hypoxemia and changes in pH and PCO2
#1 Catecholamines- NE, EPI, Da
#2 peptides- Substance P, CCK, enkephalins - stab immediately left of sternal border, 4th intercostal space
- right ventricle
- stab immediately right of sternal border, 4th intercostal space
- right atrium
- tracheal deviation to the side where breath sounds are absent points to...
- loss of volume (eg. atelectasis due to bronchial obstruction)
- calculation for compartment volume when using inulin.
- Vol. of compartment= Quant. Inulin administered /[inulin in compartment]
- Mechanism of oncogenesis of HPV and Rb
- inactivation of two tumor suppressor genes
- mucolytic drug
- N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) breaks disulfide linkages
- characteristics that indicate intraductal papilloma vs papillary ductal carcinoma
- Fibrovascular core and epithelial/myoepithelial cells
- Ventilation equation
- V (alveolar)= VCO2 / PCO2
-
Give diagnosis, Rx:
with 24h - 72h after birth infant becomes lethargic, needs stimulation to feed, vomiting, increasing lethargy, hypothermia and hyperventilation,hyperammonemia without appropriate intervention infant dies -
Type I Hyperammonemia
dificiency-Carbamoylphosphate synthetase I
treament with arginine which activates N-acetylglutamate synthetase -
Give diagnosis & Rx:
severe hyperammonemia, mild hyperammonemia associated with deep coma, acidosis, recurrent diarrhea, ataxia, hypoglycemia, hyperornithinemia: -
N-acetylglutamate synthetase Deficiency
treatment includes administration of carbamoyl glutamate to activate CPS I -
Give diagnosis & Rx & inheritance:
ammonia and amino acids elevated in serum, increased serum orotic acid due to mitochondrial carbamoylphosphate entering cytosol and being incorporated into pyrimidine nucleotides which leads to excess prod -
Type 2 Hyperammonemia
dificiency-Ornithine transcarbamoylase
treat with high carbohydrate, low protein diet, ammonia detoxification with sodium phenylacetate or sodium benzoate
most commonly occurring UCD, only X-linked UCD, -
Give diagnosis & Rx:
episodic hyperammonemia, vomiting, lethargy, ataxia, siezures, eventual coma -
Classic Citrullinemia
dificiency-Argininosuccinate synthetase
treat with arginine administration to enhance citrulline excretion, also with sodium benzoate for ammonia detoxification -
Give diagnosis & Rx:
episodic symptoms similar to classic citrullinemia, elevated plasma and cerebral spinal fluid argininosuccinate -
Argininosuccinic aciduria
dificiency-Argininosuccinate lyase(argininosuccinase)
treat with arginine and sodium benzoate -
Give diagnosis & Rx:
progressive spastic quadriplegia and mental retardation, ammonia and arginine high in cerebral spinal fluid and serum, arginine, lysine and ornithine high in urine -
Hyperargininemia
dificiency-Arginase
treatment includes diet of essential amino acids excluding arginine, low protein diet