Extracellular matrix
Terms
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- What are the 4 basic tissue types?
- Epithelium, Connective Tissue, Muscle, Nervous tissue
- What is tissue?
- Cells + Extracellular matrix
- What comprises ground substance?
- Carbohydrates, proteins, electrolytes, and water with a jelly-like consistency.
- What are the functions of GS?
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- Resists comprssion
- Permits diffusion of nutrients & waste - What fibers are found in GS?
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- Collagen fibers - structure
- Elastic fibers - stretch - What are glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)?
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- CARBOHYDRATE chains.
- Negatively charged to attract NA+, and H20
- Resists COMPRESSION
- Covalently linked to proteoglycans
- Usually SULFATED - What is the only non-sulfated GAG?
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- Hyaluronic acid - LARGE
- Causes gel state - What are proteoglycans (PGs)?
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- PROTEIN core covalently linked to GAGs
- Attach NONCOVALENTLY to HA: GEL STATE, limiting diffusion
- Bacteria secrete hyaluronidase to permit rapid spreading - What are glycoproteins (GPs)?
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- Repsonsible for cells binding to ECM
- Bind to cell INTEGRINS, COLLAGEN fibers, and PGs to fasten everything - What is COLLAGEN?
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- Main ECM protein; flex but strong
- Made from tropocollagen molecules (3 alpha chains in a triple helix) - How is collagen synthesized?
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- Preprocollagen: alpha chains with ADDED propeptide sequences
- 3 of these form a helix together with frayed ends
- Transported out, then PROCOLLAGEN PEPTIDASE cleaves propeptides to form tropocollagen mlcls
- Tropocollagen spontaneously assemble - What is the function of propeptides?
- - Prevents intracellular formation of collagen
- What are elastic fibers?
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- Provide elasticity
- Made of protein elastin - What is the BASEMENT MEMBRANE?
- - Light microscopic term. Narrow acellular region b/w eptih and CT
- What comprises the BASEMENT MEMBRANE?
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- Basal lamina --> produced by epith. cells
- Reticular lamina --> produced by CT cells - What is the BASAL LAMINA?
- Lamina lucida + lamina densa
- What is the LAMINA LUCIDA
- Made of GP laminin --> attaches lamina densa to epithelium, INTEGRINS
- What is the LAMINA DENSA?
- Type IV COLLAGEN and PG
- What is fibronectin?
- GP in lamina densa that binds to reticular lamina