Intro to histology & basic histological techniques
Terms
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- What are the 5 steps of tissue preparation?
- Fixation, Dehydration & Clearing, Embedding, Sectioning, Mounting & Staining
- What occurs during dehydration and clearing?
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- Replace tissue H2O with ALCOHOL
- Make it transparent with XYLENE - What does HEMATOXYLIN stain, and what colour does it stain?
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- Blue
- Nucleus (nucleic ACIDS), acidic parts of cytoplasm, cartilage matrix - What does EOSIN stain, and what colour?
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- Pink
- COLLAGEN, basic parts of cytoplasm - How does HISTOCHEMISTRY monitor a chemical reaction?
- Monitor formation of insoluble precipitate with a certain colour
- What is the most common histochemical reaction?
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- Schiff (PAS) reagent
- MAGENTA precipitate
- Stains glycogen and carbohydrates - What is autoradiography?
- Macromolecules labeled with radioactive isotope, visualized with overlay of film
- What is freeze-fracture method used for?
- To visualize macromolecules of INTERNAL aspects of bilayer membranes.
- What is meant by PROTOPLASM?
- Cytoplasm + Karyoplasm -> living substance of cell
- What are ribosomes made of?
- Proteins + mRNA
- Where is SER to be found?
- Cells that make steroids, cholesterol, triglycerides, detox.
- What characterizes the golgi apparatus?
- - 3 faces (cis, medial, trans)
- What characterizes the cis face?
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- Close to nucleus, synthesis of CARBOHYDRATES
- Coatomer PII - What characterizes the medial face?
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- Modification of protiens
- Coatomer PI to trans face/export - What characterizes the trans face?
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- Sorting of proteins
- Clathrin - What differentiates an endosome from a lysosome?
- Endosome has no clathrin or surface receptors - internal vesicle.
- What is Tay-Sachs disease?
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- Little/no HexA is produced
- HexA breaks fatty gangliosides
- Gangliosides build and damage nerve cells - What are the 2 types of Tay-Sachs?
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1. Classical/infantile; NO HexA
2. Late-Onset (LOTS); lower than normal - What are peroxisomes?
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- Self-replicating!
- H2O2, catabolizes long chained fatty assids, detox, killing microorgs - Which cells have high amounts of mitochondria?
- - Glandular cells (hormone producing)