Ms. Kasem Ch.4 Vocabulary Sections 3 and 4
Terms
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- trait
- A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes
- Cell Wall
- A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.
- organ system
- A group of organs that work together to perform a major function in the body
- Golgi body
- A structure in a cell that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell
- Chromosome
- A rod-shaped cellular structure made of condensed chromatin; contains DNA, which carries the genetic information that controls inherited characteristics such as eye color and blood type
- tissue
- A group of similar cells that perform a specific function in an organism
- heredity
- The passing of traits from parents to offspring
- DNA (DeoxyriboNucleic Acid)
- The genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring
- organ
- A structure in the body that is composed of different kinds of tissue
- selective breeding
- The process of selecting a few organisms with desired traits to serve as parents of the next generation
- sexual reproduction
- The reproductive process that involves two parents whose genetic material is combined to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents
- Chloroplast
- A structure in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food
- gene
- A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait.
- cell membrane
- The outside boundary of a cell; controls which substances can enter or leave the cell
- Ribosome
- A tiny structure in the cytoplasm of a cell where proteins are made
- Organelle
- A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell.
- Prokaryote
- An organism whose cells lack a nucleus and some other cell structures.
- population
- All the members of one species in a particular area.
- asexual reproduction
- The reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent.
- egg
- A female sex cell
- sperm cell
- A male sex cell.
- endoplasmic reticulum
- A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another
- Nucleus
- The control center of the cell that directs the cell's activities and determines the cell's characteristics; also, the central core of an atom containing protons and usually neutrons.
- eukaryote
- An organism with cells that contain nuclei and other cell structures
- Lysosome
- A small rounded cell structure that contains chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones.
- Mitochondria
- Rod-shaped cell structures that produce most of the energy needed to carry out the cell's functions.
- Vacuole
- A water-filled sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area
- Cytoplasm
- The region of a cell located inside the cell membrane (in prokaryotes) or between the cell membrane and nucleus (in eukaryotes); contains a gel-like material and cell organelles.