Science
science class vocabulary words.
Terms
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- sex linked genes
- are alleles passed from parent to child on a sex chromosome
- purebred
- organism is the offspring of many generations that have the same trait
- genetic engineering
- is the process from which genes from one organism are transferred into the DNA of another organism
- sex chromosomes
- are one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in each body cell
- sexual reproduction
- genetic metirial form two parents combines to produce a new organism which differs fom both parents
- genetics
- is the scientific study of heredity
- controlled experiment
- an experiment in which only one variable is manipulated at a time
- genetic disoder
- is an abnormal codition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes
- quantitave observations
- deal with a number or amount
- structure
- a way that an organism is put together as a whole
- active transport
- is the movement of meterials through a cell membrain using cellular energy
- inferring
- when you explain or interpret the things you observe
- heterozygous
- an organism that has two different alleles for a trait
- compound
- is made up of the elements carbon and oxygen
- genome
- is all the DNA in one cell of an organism
- mitochondria
- are known as the "powerhouses" of the cell because they convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions.
- seledctive permeable
- means that some substance can pass through the membrain while others cannot
- hybrid
- the organism has two different alleles for a trait
- communicating
- the sharing of ideas and experimental findings with others through writing and speaking.
- RNA
- plays an important role in the production of protins is found in the cytoplasm as well as in the nucleus
- development
- the process of change that causes an organism to become more complex during its lifetime.
- science
- a way of learning about the natural world.
- chloroplasts
- they capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food.
- hypothesis
- a possible explanation for a set of observations or answer to a scientific question
- responding variable
- (also called dependent variable) the factor that may change in response to the manipulated variable
- autotroph
- an organism that make its own food
- recessive allele
- is hidden whenever the dominant allele is present
- codominance
- an inheriance pattern
- meitosis
- is the process by which the number of chroosomes is reduced by half to form sex cells sperm and eggs
- cell theory
- a widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things.
- cell wall
- a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cell of plants and some other organisms.
- operational definition
- a statement that describes how to measure a variable or define a term.
- observing
- means using one or more of your senses to gather imformaton
- making models
- involves creating representations of complex objects or processes
- heredity
- is the passing of physical characteristics from parent to offspring
- dominant allele
- is one whose trait shows up in the organism when the allele is present
- chlorophy
- the main photosynthes
- multiple allele
- three or more forms of genes that code for a single trait
- organ
- is made up of different kinds of tissues that work together.
- fertilization
- a new organism begins to form when egg and sperm cells join in the process
- messenger RNA
- copies the coded message from the DNA in the nucleus and carries the message to the rbososme
- gene therapy
- will involve inserting copies of a gene directly into a persons cells
- mutation
- is any change in a gene or chromosome
- manipulated variable
- (also called the independent variable) the one variable that is purposely changed in an experiment.
- carrier
- is a person who has one recessive allele for a trait and one dominant allele
- interphase
- the first stage of the cell cycle
- golgi body
- can be thought of as the cell's mail room. they receive proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum and then they package and distribute materials to other parts of the cell.
- data
- the facts, figures, and other evidence gathered through observations.
- data
- the facts, figures, and other evidence gathered through observations.
- chromosomes
- during prophase the threadlike chromatln in the nucleus condenses to form double rod structures
- cell membrane
- all cells have cell membranes. it is located just outside the cell wall. the cell membrane controls what substances come into and out of a cell.
- endoplasmic reticulum
- these passageways help form proteins and other materials, they also carry materials through the cell.
- operational definition
- a statement that describes how to measure a variable or define a term.
- stem cells
- humans do produce certain cells
- gene
- is the factors that control a trait
- communicating
- the sharing of ideas and experimental findings with others through writing and speaking.
- cells
- are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
- hhybridizaion
- is breeding cross two genetically different individuals
- life science
- the study of living things
- organelles
- carry out specific functions within the cell
- complementary
- the structure and function are complementary. they work together to meet the needs of an organism.
- control
- a part of the experiment to which you can compare the results of the other tests.
- DNA
- is the genetic material that carries imformation about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring
- biology
- the study of life
- clone
- is an organism that has exactil the same genes as the organism from which it was prodused
- functions
- the processes that enable an organism to survive.
- nucleic acid
- are very long organic molecules made of carbon oxygen hyrogen nitrogen and phosphoeus
- enzyme
- is a type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing
- differentition
- is the proces by which cells change in structure and become capable of carring out specialized function
- karyotype
- is a picture of all the chromosomes in a cell
- fermentation
- an energy realising process that dose not require oxygen
- trait
- each different form of a characteristic such as stem height or seed color
- elements
- is any substance that cannot be broken down into simple substances
- dipoloid
- cell contains two sets of chromosomes one set from each parents
- cytoplasm
- the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus.
- nucleus
- this is the control center, directing all the cell's activities.
- pigment
- recall that chloroplasts are green organells inside the plant call
- petigree
- is a chart "family tree"that tracks which members of the family have a particular trait
- punnett square
- is a chart that shows all the possible combitions of alleles that can result from a genetic cross
- transfer RNA
- carries amino acids to the ribosome and adds them to the growing protein
- amino acid
- protein molecules are made up of smaller molecules
- vacuole
- the storage areas of the cells.
- variables
- factors that can change in an experiment, must be exactly the same.
- stomata
- carbon dioxie enters the plant through small openings on the undersides of the leaves
- multicellular
- organisms that are composed of many cells.
- scientific inquiry
- refers to the diverse ways in which scientists investigate the natural world and propose explanations based on the evidence they gather.
- control
- a part of the experiment to which you can compare the results of the other tests.
- scale model
- accurately shows the proportions between its parts
- organ system
- a group of organs that work together to perfom a major function
- organism
- an animal, a plant, a fungus, or a microbe
- alleles
- are the different forms of a gene
- predicting
- making a forecast of what will happen in the future based on past experience or evidence.
- protain
- are arge organic molecules made of carbon hydrogen oxygen nitnogen and in some cases sulfun
- selective breeding
- is the processof selecting organisms with desired traits be parents of the next generation
- passive transport
- the movment of dissolve using cellular energy
- unicellular
- (single-celled) organisms composed of only one cell
- replication
- in the next part of the inphase the cell makes an exact copy of the DNA in the nucleis in a process
- tissue
- a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function.
- lysosomes
- small, round structures containing chemicals that break down certain materials in the cells.
- classifying
- the process of grouping together items that are alike in some way.
- ribosomes
- these grainlike bodies function as factories to produce proteins.
- qualitative observations
- on the other hand deal with descriptions that cannot be expressed in numbers
- heterotroph
- an organism that cannot make its own food including animals such as the zebra and the lion
- mitosis
- is the stage during which the cells nucleus divides into two new nucleics
- carbohydrate
- is an energy rich organic compound made of the elements carbon hydrogen and oxygen
- respiration
- is the process by which the cells obtains energy from glucose
- inbreeding
- involves crossing two individuals that have similar characteristcs
- photosynthesis
- is the process by which the cell captures energy in the sunlight and uses it to make food
- cell cycle
- the regular sequence og=f grouth and division that cells undergo
- diffusion
- is the main method by which small molecules move across the cell membraine
- cytoskeleton
- gives the cells their shape